Research on the Rational Setting of Deformation Joints in Submarine Mining Tunnel under Normal Fault Dislocation
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摘要: 我国地理地质条件复杂多样，断裂带分布广泛，隧道建设常不可避免地穿越活动断裂带。本文以胶州湾第二海底隧道工程为背景，建立隧道-断层三维有限元模型，研究正断层作用下隧道变形缝设置形式（垂直设缝和斜向设缝）、模筑长度（6、12 m）和变形缝宽度（0.1、0.2 m）对跨断层隧道在断层错动作用下的结构受力及位移影响。研究结果表明，垂直设缝既增强隧道的抗断错能力，又适用于工程实际施工；相较于模筑长度为12 m的变形缝间距，模筑长度为6 m的变形缝间距对隧道错台变形有明显的抑制作用，能有效缓解隧道与断层带交界处错台量突变；本工程中变形缝宽度为0.1、0.2 m无明显优劣。Abstract: To investigate seismic measures for tunnels crossing fault zones, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed to analyze the effects of deformation joint configurations. Three key factors were examined: the form of deformation joints (vertical and oblique), joint length (6 m and 12 m), and joint width (0.1 m and 0.2 m). The results indicate that there is no significant difference between vertical and oblique joints, with vertical joints being more suitable for practical construction. A joint spacing of 6m provides better deformation resistance than 12m, effectively mitigating abrupt changes at the tunnel-fault zone interface. Additionally, the deformation joint width (0.1 m versus 0.2 m) showed no notable advantages under the selected conditions. This study offers valuable insights into the design of longitudinal deformation joints for tunnels crossing fault zones.
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Key words:
- Mine method /
- Tunnels /
- Active faults /
- Anti-staggering /
- Deformation joints /
- Joint arrangement
1)1 1 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，2018.《胶州湾第二海底隧道工程场地地震安全性评价报告》2)2 2 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，2018.《青岛第二海底隧道工程可行性研究报告》 -
图 4 不同设缝形式下的隧道结构变形缝错台量
Figure 4. Deformation joint misalignment of tunnel structures with different joint forms
图 6 不同模筑长度下隧道结构变形缝错台量
Figure 6. Deformation joint misalignment of tunnel structures with different formwork length
图 7 不同变形缝宽度下隧道结构变形缝错台量（模筑长度12 m）
Figure 7. Displacement of deformation joints in tunnel structures with different widths of deformation joints （With a molded length of 12 m）
图 8 不同变形缝宽度下隧道结构变形缝错台量（模筑长度12 m）
Figure 8. Displacement of deformation joints in tunnel structures with different widths of deformation joints （With a molded length of 12 m）
表 1 地层物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of stratum
岩土名称 厚度/m 容重/(kN·m−3) 泊松比 弹性模量/MPa 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 淤泥 15 18 0.4 5 15 2 粉质黏土 25 20 0.3 30 17 7 中风化花岗岩 60 24.8 0.25 15 000 — — 中风化正长岩 30 26 0.2 12 000 — — 断层破碎带 — 26 0.35 200 18 50 
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表 2 变形缝设计工况
Table 2. Design cases of deformation joints
工况 隧道埋深/m 模筑长度/m 变形缝形式 变形缝宽度/m 1 80 6 垂直隧道轴线 0.1 2 80 6 垂直隧道轴线 0.2 3 80 6 与隧道轴线斜交 0.1 4 80 6 与隧道轴线斜交 0.2 5 80 12 垂直隧道轴线 0.1 6 80 12 垂直隧道轴线 0.2 7 80 12 与隧道轴线斜交 0.1 8 80 12 与隧道轴线斜交 0.2
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