山西地区典型震源位置的精确度分析

张蕙; 殷伟伟; 李宏伟

doi:10.11899/zzfy20230605

山西地区典型震源位置的精确度分析

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20230605

张蕙^{1, 2,},
殷伟伟^{1, 2, ,},
李宏伟^{1, 2}

1.
山西省地震局, 太原 030021
2.
太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站, 太原 030025

基金项目: 山西省地震局项目（SBK-2328、SBK-2034 、SBK-2424）；中国地震局科技星火计划（XH23008YA）；山西省科技厅项目（202403021221339）；山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站项目（NORSTY20-13）；

详细信息

作者简介:
张蕙，女，生于1973年。高级工程师。主要从事震相分析、震源机制解等方面的研究。 E-mail：511934064@qq.com

通讯作者:
殷伟伟，男，生于1988年。高级工程师。主要从事天然地震层析成像、分析等方面的研究。 E-mail：wwyin_sx@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-30

Accuracy Analysis of Typical Seismic Source Locations in Shanxi Region

Zhang Hui^{1, 2
,},
Yin Weiwei^{1, 2
, ,},
Li Hongwei^{1, 2}

1.
Shanxi Earthquake Agency, Taiyuan 030021, China
2.
National Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan, Taiyuan 030025, China

摘要

摘要: 针对当前地震定位误差分析的不足，本文提出了利用数值模拟定量计算地震定位准确度的方法，并选择近年来山西断陷带典型地震事件进行测试分析。结果显示，山西断陷带典型地震（M_L≥3.6）定位精度基本小于5 km，南北两端的大同、运城盆地地震定位精度显著低于中部3个盆地；地震定位精度与参与定位的台站数量和最大空隙角密切相关；当最大空隙角相近时，地震定位的可信度随着参与定位的台站数量增多而升高。
- 山西断陷带 /
- 定位精度 /
- 概率统计 /
- 误差分析
Abstract: To address deficiencies in the current analysis of seismic location errors, this study proposes a numerical simulation-based method to quantitatively assess seismic location accuracy. This approach is applied to typical seismic events in the Shanxi fault depression in recent years. The results indicate that the seismic location accuracy for events with M_L≥3.6 in the Shanxi Rift Zone is within 5 km. However, the accuracy in the Datong and Yuncheng basins, located at the northern and southern ends of the rift, is significantly lower than that in the three central basins. Furthermore, seismic location accuracy is closely related to the number of seismic stations and the maximum gap angle. When the maximum gap angle is comparable, location reliability improves as the number of contributing stations increases.
- Shanxi rift zone /
- Positioning accuracy /
- Probability statistics /
- Error analysis

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图 1 山西台站及测试地震事件分布图

Figure 1. Station distribution and monitoring capacity of Shanxi province

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图 2 山西盐湖地震射线分布图

Figure 2. Seismic ray distribution of salt lake in Shanxi province

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图 3 高斯扰动的散点和直方图分布

Figure 3. Scatter and histogram distribution of Gaussian perturbations

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图 4 不同震相震中距-走时拟合图

Figure 4. Plot of different phase epicentral-distance-travel time fitting

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图 5 重新定位前后震中分布对照图

Figure 5. Plot of epicenter distribution before and after relocation

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图 6 重定位震中位置纬度统计图

Figure 6. Relocating the epicenter latitude statistical results

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图 7 重定位震中位置经度统计图

Figure 7. Repositioning longitude statistics results of epicenter location

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图 8 重定位前后震中差分布图

Figure 8. Plot of epicentral difference before and after relocation

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表 1 山西分区模型参数表

Table 1. Parameters of partition model in Shanxi

名称	上地壳P波速度/（km·s⁻¹）	下地壳P波速度/（km·s⁻¹）	莫霍面P波速度/（km·s⁻¹）	康拉德界面深度/km	莫霍界面深度/km
北部模型	6.18	6.72	7.95	21.3	42.9
中部模型	6.15	6.73	7.99	21.0	40.5
南部模型	6.10	6.76	8.03	20.5	38.5

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表 2 测试地震参数表

Table 2. Parameters of tested earthquakes in Shanxi province

序号	发震时刻	纬度/(°N)	经度/(°E)	深度/km	震级M_L	地名
1	2010-01-24 10:36:12.1	35.663	110.778	7	5.1	山西河津
2	2010-04-04 21:46:43.1	39.897	113.803	7	4.7	山西大同
3	2010-04-07 15:30:01.5	36.302	111.704	15	4.1	山西洪洞
4	2011-03-07 01:51:35.8	39.025	111.716	10	4.5	山西五寨
5	2011-04-21 00:15:54.4	36.084	112.945	10	3.7	山西长子
6	2011-08-02 19:57:15.0	36.514	112.045	19	4.2	山西古县
7	2011-12-24 14:20:22.5	39.499	112.813	9	3.9	山西山阴
8	2012-09-17 10:43:41.0	37.567	112.368	6	3.8	山西清徐
9	2012-11-02 00:09:44.8	35.952	111.727	5	3.8	山西浮山
10	2012-11-29 08:47:02.7	39.903	113.220	2	3.6	山西怀仁
11	2013-02-22 12:02:03.2	39.891	113.826	8	4.1	山西大同
12	2013-04-04 17:42:24.8	35.338	111.615	14	4.0	山西垣曲
13	2013-07-09 18:39:14.2	38.632	113.019	9	3.6	山西定襄
14	2013-11-12 00:15:37.9	39.284	112.417	14	3.9	山西朔州
15	2014-04-04 23:16:40.2	37.274	112.221	15	4.1	山西平遥
16	2016-03-12 11:14:10.3	35.004	110.882	12	4.8	山西盐湖
17	2016-04-07 04:49:49.1	38.859	112.905	14	4.7	山西原平
18	2016-11-04 03:41:07.9	37.658	113.657	9	3.6	山西昔阳
19	2016-11-18 07:22:57.9	37.713	112.552	18	3.9	山西太原
20	2016-12-18 11:08:50.4	37.610	112.481	18	4.6	山西清徐
21	2017-10-19 09:15:44.2	35.986	111.529	19	3.6	山西尧都
22	2018-03-18 15:15:05.2	36.514	111.795	27	3.9	山西霍州
23	2020-01-06 22:21:25.6	37.470	112.359	20	4.2	山西祁县
24	2021-04-08 03:25:48.0	36.285	111.711	18	3.6	山西洪洞
25	2022-02-20 08:27:27.8	37.954	112.108	4	4.1	山西古交
26	2022-04-29 02:52:24.1	40.631	114.147	5	3.7	山西天镇
27	2022-05-16 23:16:21.0	39.276	113.207	5	3.8	山西繁峙
28	2022-09-03 10:47:07.2	39.861	112.388	3	4.5	山西右玉

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表 3 测试地震定位可信度统计表

Table 3. Parameters of reliability test of earthquake location in Shanxi province

序号	发震时刻	地名	所处位置	定位台数/个	最大空隙角/(°)	95%置信区间
序号	发震时刻	地名	所处位置	定位台数/个	最大空隙角/(°)	下界/km	上界/km
1	2010-01-24 10:36:12.1	山西河津	运城盆地	29	72.5	4.5609	4.8088
2	2010-04-04 21:46:43.1	山西大同	大同盆地	20	196	4.6258	4.9502
3	2010-04-07 15:30:01.5	山西洪洞	临汾盆地	28	50.6	1.6887	1.8874
4	2011-03-07 01:51:35.8	山西五寨	忻定盆地	31	74.0	4.0989	4.4845
5	2011-04-21 00:15:54.4	山西长子	太行山区	31	93.4	2.2979	2.4638
6	2011-08-02 19:57:15.0	山西古县	临汾盆地	37	46.5	2.7264	3.2637
7	2011-12-24 14:20:22.5	山西山阴	大同盆地	28	58.9	4.0993	4.4661
8	2012-09-17 10:43:41.0	山西清徐	太原盆地	52	38.3	0.6264	0.67589
9	2012-11-02 00:09:44.8	山西浮山	临汾盆地	52	27	2.3402	2.5053
10	2012-11-29 08:47:02.7	山西怀仁	大同盆地	41	50.3	4.5880	4.8363
11	2013-02-22 12:02:03.2	山西大同	大同盆地	56	55.9	4.5456	4.7074
12	2013-04-04 17:42:24.8	山西垣曲	运城盆地	56	43.3	4.3600	4.7298
13	2013-07-09 18:39:14.2	山西定襄	忻定盆地	54	41.8	2.2465	2.3255
14	2013-11-12 00:15:37.9	山西朔州	大同盆地	64	39.6	2.7911	3.1900
15	2014-04-04 23:16:40.2	山西平遥	太原盆地	58	26.3	1.3371	1.5528
16	2016-03-12 11:14:10.3	山西盐湖	运城盆地	49	63.2	3.2968	3.6730
17	2016-04-07 04:49:49.1	山西原平	忻定盆地	70	38.4	0.4432	0.5171
18	2016-11-04 03:41:07.9	山西昔阳	太原盆地	67	86	1.9108	2.1054
19	2016-11-18 07:22:57.9	山西太原	太原盆地	67	24.5	2.6519	2.7688
20	2016-12-18 11:08:50.4	山西清徐	太原盆地	44	31	1.9577	2.1403
21	2017-10-19 09:15:44.2	山西尧都	临汾盆地	50	54.3	1.0130	1.1267
22	2018-03-18 15:15:05.2	山西霍州	临汾盆地	55	41.7	0.9031	1.0014
23	2020-01-06 22:21:25.6	山西祁县	太原盆地	63	28.7	1.0943	1.1152
24	2021-04-08 03:25:48.0	山西洪洞	临汾盆地	65	44.4	1.0666	1.2002
25	2022-02-20 08:27:27.8	山西古交	太原盆地	61	38.1	0.8742	0.8920
26	2022-04-29 02:52:24.1	山西天镇	大同盆地	50	124.9	3.8879	4.3199
27	2022-05-16 23:16:21.0	山西繁峙	忻定盆地	59	39.8	0.9158	0.9390
28	2022-09-03 10:47:07.2	山西右玉	大同盆地	53	80.6	2.1911	2.6276

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