Investigation of Building Seismic Damage Characteristics and Causative Analysis of the 2026 Liuzhou ML5.2 Earthquake Doublet
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摘要: 2026年5月18日广西柳州市柳南区相隔21小时接连发生2次5.2级逆冲型地震。虽然震级不大，但造成了16栋房屋完全倒塌、970栋房屋严重受损，震中烈度达Ⅶ度。基于现场震害调查，结合震中区地质条件，特别是喀斯特岩溶影响，分析了房屋震害特征及其成因。结果表明：地震震源浅、双主震及地下溶洞的地震动放大效应，是本次“小震级、高烈度”致灾模式的直接诱因；同时，震中区多为抗震性能差的自建砌体房屋，普遍存在高宽比过大、缺乏圈梁和构造柱等构造措施、基础薄弱、整体约束不足等系统性缺陷，在地震作用下，易产生沿灰缝的水平滑移裂缝，进而导致失稳倒塌；另外，地震诱发的岩溶塌陷及地基沉降，进一步加剧了房屋开裂和倒塌。Abstract: On May 18, 2026, two ML5.2 thrust-faulting earthquakes struck Liunan District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, within a 21-hour interval. Despite their moderate magnitudes, the earthquakes caused the complete collapse of 16 buildings, severe damage to 970 buildings, and a maximum epicentral intensity of VII, exemplifying a typical “small magnitude, high intensity” disaster scenario. Based on detailed field damage surveys, combined with the local geological conditions—particularly the influence of karst topography—this study analyzes the characteristics and underlying causes of building damage. The results indicate that the shallow focal depth, the double-mainshock sequence, and the seismic amplification effects induced by underground karst cavities were the direct triggers of this high-intensity pattern. Moreover, most of the affected buildings were non-engineered self-built masonry houses with poor seismic performance, exhibiting systemic structural deficiencies such as excessive height-to-width ratios, lack of reinforced concrete tie beams and confined columns, weak foundations, and inadequate overall integrity. Under seismic loading, these vulnerabilities promoted horizontal sliding cracks along mortar joints, ultimately leading to instability and collapse. In addition, karst collapse and ground subsidence triggered by the earthquakes further aggravated cracking and failure of the buildings. The findings provide valuable references for seismic design and retrofitting of rural non-engineered masonry buildings in low-seismicity regions, as well as for geological hazard prevention and mitigation in karst areas.
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图 1 广西柳州5.2级双震地震烈度图
Figure 1. Seismic intensity map of the 2026 Liuzhou ML5.2 earthquake doublet, Guangxi, China
图 2 广西柳州5.2级双震区域地震构造图（中国地震局地质研究所，2026）
Figure 2. Seismotectonic map of the 2026 Liuzhou ML5.2 earthquake doublet, Guangxi, China （Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, 2026）
图 4 岩溶塌陷造成房屋倒塌过程示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the process of house collapse caused by karst collapse
图 8 砌体结构沉降造成的墙体开裂
Figure 8. Wall cracking induced by foundation settlement in masonry structures
图 10 某框架结构非结构构件震害
Figure 10. Seismic damage to non-structural components in a frame structure
表 1 广西5级以上破坏性地震汇总
Table 1. Destructive earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 in Guangxi
序号 日期 地点 震级 死亡人数 备注 1 1875‑06‑08 乐业县
（凌云北）6.5 数百人 广西史上第二大强震，波及桂、黔、湘、滇 2 1890‑08‑29 陆川县 6.0 无明确记录 桂东南10余县有感，房屋墙动瓦落 3 1936‑04‑01 灵山县
（含浦北）6.8 92～94人 广西史上最大地震，死亡92人，伤263人，毁房7 000余间 4 1977‑10‑19 平果市 5.0 0人 轻微破坏，无伤亡 5 2016‑07‑31 苍梧县 5.4 0人 1970年以来广西陆地最大地震，倒塌房屋10间，严重破坏13间 6 2019‑10‑12 北流市 5.2 0人 无人员伤亡，未有房屋倒塌出现 7 2019‑11‑25 靖西市 5.2 1人 5人受伤，严重损伤房屋15间 8 2026‑05‑18 柳州市柳南区 5.2 2人 91岁老人被困获救，4人受伤 
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