Research and Application of a Comprehensive Seismic Test System for Full-scale PWR Fuel Assemblies
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摘要: 燃料组件的抗震安全性是核电厂安全评估的核心环节。当前，堆芯燃料组件的抗震安全验证多依赖于数值模拟，而模拟的精度和可靠性亟须足尺物理试验的验证。为准确标定自主化燃料组件的抗震分析模型参数、验证模型的合理性，并真实反映燃料组件在实际工况下的碰撞特性及高速轴向流场中的动态响应，本文自主研制了一套压水堆足尺燃料组件综合力学与抗震性能试验系统。该系统包含三大核心装置：空气环境足尺燃料组件跌落与多维力学性能试验装置、空气/静水环境足尺燃料组件综合力学性能测试与抗震试验装置，以及高速轴向流环境足尺燃料组件动态特性试验装置。本系统填补了国内同类大型物理试验的空白，不仅支持单组燃料组件的基础刚度（拉、压、弯、扭）与跌落试验，更具备灵活配置排组件数量、精细模拟组件间隙与板弹簧预紧力的能力，全面实现了空气、静水及变流速动水等复杂工况下燃料组件的抗震性能与极限抗震能力验证。该系统的成功研制，为我国自主化燃料组件抗震数值模型的参数标定与计算结果校验，以及组件实体的抗震安全裕度评估，提供了关键的技术支撑。Abstract: The seismic safety of fuel assemblies is a crucial component of the safety evaluation for nuclear power plants. Currently, the seismic safety validation of core fuel assemblies heavily relies on numerical simulations, the accuracy and reliability of which urgently require validation through full-scale physical testing. To accurately calibrate the parameters of the seismic analysis models for self-developed fuel assemblies, verify the validity of the models, and authentically reflect the impact behaviors of fuel assemblies under actual operating conditions as well as their dynamic responses in high-speed axial flow fields, a comprehensive mechanical and seismic performance testing system for full-scale pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel assemblies was independently developed in this study. The system comprises three core apparatuses: an in-air drop and multi-dimensional mechanical property testing apparatus for full-scale fuel assemblies; an in-air/still-water integrated mechanical property and seismic testing apparatus; and a dynamic characteristic testing apparatus under high-speed axial flow conditions. This system addresses a critical gap in domestic large-scale physical testing facilities. It not only supports basic stiffness (tension, compression, bending, and torsion) and drop tests for single fuel assemblies, but also features the capability to flexibly configure the number of assemblies in a row and finely simulate inter-assembly gaps and hold-down spring preloads. This comprehensively enables the verification of the seismic performance and ultimate seismic capacity of fuel assemblies under complex conditions, including air, still-water, and flowing-water environments with variable velocities. The successful development of this system provides crucial technical support for the parameter calibration and computational result validation of the self-developed fuel assembly seismic numerical models, as well as for the seismic safety margin evaluation of the assemblies.
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图 1 足尺燃料组件跌落与多维力学性能试验装置与燃料组件示意图
Figure 1. Schematics of full-scale fuel assembly and its apparatus for drop and multi-dimensional mechanical property testing
图 3 空气环境足尺燃料组件拉压扭刚度试验
Figure 3. Tensile, compressive and torsional stiffness test of full-scale fuel assembly in air
图 4 足尺燃料组件综合力学性能测试与抗震试验装置
Figure 4. Full-scale fuel assembly integrated mechanical property and seismic testing apparatus
图 6 加卸载阶段格架的横向位移
Figure 6. Lateral displacements of grids during loading and unloading phases
图 7 受拉定位格架的横向位移时程及各层格架的碰撞力时程
Figure 7. Time history of lateral displacement for the pulled grid and impact forces for grids at different levels
图 8 燃料组件自由释放试验（20 mm幅值）
Figure 8. Free-release test of the fuel assembly in still water (20 mm amplitude)
图 10 典型多频波作用下燃料组件的动态响应时程
Figure 10. Dynamic response time history of the fuel assembly under typical multi-frequency excitation
图 11 典型地震波作用下燃料组件的动态响应时程
Figure 11. Dynamic response time history of the fuel assembly under typical seismic excitation
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