基于高分遥感影像的缅甸7.9级地震灾情快速评估

马小平; 陈文凯; 颉金凤; 叶阳; 李大贵; 李缘缘; 杜浩国

doi:10.11899/zzfy20250158

基于高分遥感影像的缅甸7.9级地震灾情快速评估以曼德勒市为例

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20250158

1.
甘肃省地震局, 兰州 730000
2.
云南省地震局, 昆明 650224

基金项目: 甘肃省地震局地震科技发展计划攻关项目（2023GG01）；甘肃省科技计划项目（23JRRA1567）；应急管理部重点科技计划项目（2024EMST050503）

详细信息

作者简介:
马小平，男，生于1989年。高级工程师。从事地震灾害风险评估工作。E-mail：545355351@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈文凯，男，生于1983年。正高级工程师。从事地震灾害损失评估研究。E-mail：85158766@qq.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-28
- 录用日期: 2025-11-04
- 修回日期: 2025-10-30
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-07

Rapid Assessment of the Magnitude 7.9 Earthquake Disaster in Myanmar Based on High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery: A Case Study of Mandalay City

1.
Gansu Earthquake Agency, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming 650224, China

摘要

摘要: 2025年3月28日14时20分，缅甸实皆省（21.85°N，95.95°E）发生7.9级强震，震源深度30 km。此次地震引发了大规模建筑物损毁、地表断裂及次生灾害，造成该国及邻国重大人员伤亡和财产损失。本文以曼德勒市为例，详细对比震前和震后遥感影像，通过目视解译，精细判别了建筑物破坏、重大基础设施破坏、次生灾害等，系统评估了灾害损失和地震烈度，浅析了震害原因，讨论了此次地震的经验教训。结果表明：（1）曼德勒市西部地区遥感震害指数为0.67，预估烈度可能达10度，中西部地区遥感震害指数为0.52，预估烈度可能达9度，中部地区遥感震害指数为0.35，预估烈度可能达8度，东部地区遥感震害指数为0.27，预估烈度7～8度；（2）人员伤亡可能会集中在西部地区和中部地区，东部地区可能会有极少数人员伤亡情况；（3）高分遥感影像为此次地震灾情评估提供了高精度、动态化的数据支撑，评估结果与相关报道基本相符。研究结果有助于判断受灾情况，为震后恢复重建提供科学依据。
- 遥感 /
- 高分卫星 /
- 缅甸7.9级地震 /
- 建筑破坏 /
- 灾情评估
Abstract: At 14:20 on March 28, 2025, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.9 struck Sagaing Region, Myanmar (21.85°N, 95.95°E) with a focal depth of 30 kilometers. This earthquake caused large-scale building damage, surface fractures and secondary disasters, resulting in heavy casualties and property losses in the country and neighboring countries. Taking Mandalay as an example, this paper detailedly compares the remote sensing images before and after the earthquake, finely identifies building damage, major infrastructure damage, secondary disasters, etc. through visual interpretation, systematically evaluates disaster losses and earthquake intensity, and briefly analyzes the causes of earthquake damage as well as discusses the experience and lessons learned from this earthquake. The results show that: 1. The remote sensing earthquake damage index in the western part of Mandalay is 0.67, with an estimated intensity of up to 10 degrees; the remote sensing earthquake damage index in the mid-western part is 0.52, with an estimated intensity of up to 9 degrees; the remote sensing earthquake damage index in the central part is 0.35, with an estimated intensity of up to 8 degrees; and the remote sensing earthquake damage index in the eastern part is 0.27, with an estimated intensity of 7-8 degrees. 2. Casualties are likely to be concentrated in the western and central regions, while there may be very few casualties in the eastern region. 3. High-resolution remote sensing images provided high-precision and dynamic data support for the disaster assessment of this earthquake, and the assessment results are basically consistent with relevant reports. The research results are helpful for accurately judging the disaster situation and provide a scientific basis for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.
- Remote sensing /
- Gaofen satellites /
- Myanmar 7.9-magnitude earthquake /
- Building damage /
- Disaster assessment
注释:

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图 1 研究区概况

Figure 1. Overview of the study area

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图 2 缅甸地震高分遥感影像

Figure 2. High-resolution remote sensing imagery of Myanmar earthquake

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图 3 缅甸地震高分遥感影像灾情评估技术流程

Figure 3. Technical workflow for disaster assessment using gaofen remote sensing images of the Myanmar earthquake

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图 4 单体建筑物震后遥感解译

Figure 4. Post-earthquake remote sensing interpretation of individual buildings

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图 5 评估区选取

Figure 5. Evaluation area selection

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图 6 缅甸地震灾前灾后建筑物破坏遥感影像（灾前：Google 2025-02-24，灾后：GF6 2025-03-30）

Figure 6. Remote sensing images of building damage before and after the Myanmar earthquake （Pre-disaster: Google 2025-02-24; Post-disaster: GF6 2025-03-30）

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图 7 典型建筑物震害

Figure 7. Seismic damage of typical building

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图 8 缅甸地震灾前、灾后基础设施破坏遥感影像

Figure 8. Remote sensing images of infrastructure damage before and after the Myanmar earthquake

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图 9 桥梁设施震害

Figure 9. Seismic damage of bridge facilities

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图 10 缅甸地震灾前、灾后次生灾害遥感影像

Figure 10. Remote sensing images of secondary disasters before and after the Myanmar earthquake

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图 11 基础设施震害

Figure 11. Seismic Damage of Infrastructure

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图 12 缅甸地震预估烈度

Figure 12. Estimated intensity for the Myanmar earthquake

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表 1 高分遥感影像

Table 1. High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

项目	影像	空间分辨率	拍摄时间	备注
震前	Google	全色：0.5 m 多光谱：2 m	2015—2021年	5景镶嵌影像
震后	GF6	全色：2 m 多光谱：8 m	2025-03-30	2景

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表 2 建筑物遥感解译结果

Table 2. Building remote sensing interpretation results

破坏情况	1号区	2号区	3号区	4号区	5号区	6号区	7号区	8号区	9号区	10号区
基本完好/栋	53	255	386	326	225	135	185	460	60	70
局部破坏/栋	15	76	96	58	38	15	18	36	4	8
倒塌/栋	8	53	46	36	16	6	8	16	2	3

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表 3 曼德勒市震害情况

Table 3. Earthquake damage situation in Mandalay City

震害情况	评估区	受灾情况	受灾等级	遥感震害指数	预估烈度
建筑物损毁	1～4号区	30%左右破坏	重度受损或损毁	0.67	10度
	5号区	20%左右破坏	中重度受损	0.52	9度
	6～8号区、10号区	10%左右破坏	中度受损	0.35	8度
	9号区	约10%破坏	轻中度受损	0.27	7～8度
基础设施破坏	图8评估区	阿瓦大桥严重损毁	重度受损或损毁	1.0	10度
次生灾害	图10评估区	伊洛瓦底江河道垂直抬升1.2 m	重度受损或损毁	1.0	10度

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