Investigation on Seismic Damage of Religious Buildings in MS 7.9 Myanmar Earthquake
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摘要: 2024年3月28日，缅甸发生MS7.9地震。地震造成大量建筑受损，其中包括许多宗教建筑。由于历史原因，缅甸境内存在大量佛教寺庙、清真寺等宗教场所，宗教场所中一般有木结构、砌体结构、框架结构和钢结构。总体上看，框架结构和钢结构基本为近年新建建筑，部分框架建筑的设计受使用功能的影响，出现了刚度分配不均匀的现象，削弱了房屋的抗震性能，出现了严重的震害；钢结构的震害主要出现在填充墙上；木结构和砌体结构一般修建年代较早，木结构出现震害的主要原因是木构件与墙体之间无有效连接，木构件与墙体会相互作用，导致木结构墙体开裂、外闪；几乎所有的砌体结构均无抗震设防措施，而且，使用年限长，未进行有效加固，施工质量差等原因导致许多砌体结构在地震中受损。本文通过对缅甸13个佛寺和1个清真寺进行了实地调查，对宗教建筑、佛塔的震害进行了总结和分析，以期为震后恢复重建和已有房屋的加固设防提供思路，同时对国内同类建筑的抗震能力提升提供参考。Abstract: An MS 7.9 earthquake occurred on Myanmar in March 28, 2025, causing massive buildings damaged, including many religious buildings. Due to the historic factors, there are many Buddhist temples, mosques in Myanmar and these buildings in religious places usually include timber structure, masonry structure, RC frame structure and steel structure.Timber structures and masonry structures were usually built long time ago, almost all masonry structures lack of seismic measures, causing poor seismic resistance; RC frame structures and steel structures were built in recent years, some RC frame structures occurred irregular distribution of stiffness due to usage function, weakened the seismic ability, occurred severely seismic damage; the seismic damage of steel structure mainly occurred in infill walls. The seismic damage of timber structures are cracks on the infill walls and collapse of infill walls because of the weak connection and interaction between infill wall and timber part; almost all of masonry structures lack of seismic measures,besides, factors like long service time, without reinforced effectively, poor construction equality caused many masonry buildings damaged in this earthquake. According to the field investigation, 13 Buddhist temples and 1 mosque were investigated, the characteristics of seismic damage of religious buildings and pagodas were summarized and analyzed, in order to provide reconstruction and reinforcement with suggestions, meanwhile, reference can be provided to improve the seismic ability of similar buildings in our country.
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Key words:
- Earthquake /
- Myanmar /
- Religious buildings /
- Reinforcement /
- Seismic damage
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图 1 彪关镇乌塔拉扬寺庙大门震害
Figure 1. Seismic damage of the main gate of U Thar Lyaung Temple, Paukkan Town
图 5 A建筑平面图、内部震害和木结构B侧面震害
Figure 5. Plan of building A, internal seismic damage of building A and lateral seismic damage of timber structure B
图 7 砌体结构、木结构和围墙的震害
Figure 7. Seismic damage of masonry structure,timber structure and wall
图 16 佛塔的木结构和框架结构震害
Figure 16. Seismic damage of timber structure and RC frame structure of the pagodas
表 1 调查点列表
Table 1. The list of investigation spots
序号 省份 县 建筑名称 描述 经纬度 震中距/km 所处烈度区 1 勃固省 东吁县 彪关镇乌塔拉扬修道院寺 围墙破坏 96.43°E
18.49°N374.64 Ⅵ度 2 坎塔清真寺 1栋砌体结构倒塌
1栋框架结构严重破坏96.43°E
18.95°N324.88 Ⅵ度 3 耶塔斯亚镇帕亚科内村寺庙 1栋框架结构轻微破坏
1栋木结构轻微破坏
3座佛塔轻微破坏96.05°E
19.82°N224.83 Ⅵ度 4 信仰之光寺庙 1栋框架结构毁坏
1栋木结构破坏96.25°E
19.77°N233.467 Ⅶ度 5 维鲁万冥想寺庙 1栋砌体结构轻微破坏
1栋砌体结构倒塌
1栋木结构轻微破坏96.43°E
18.94°N326.44 Ⅵ度 6 曼德勒省 敏建县 宾齐镇以东3 km处村庄寺庙 1栋木结构轻微破坏
2栋砌体结构轻微破坏
寺院内围墙倒塌95.94°E
21.41°N48.74 Ⅷ度 7 皎施县 密达镇区帕克缅村斯里曼塔拉寺 多座佛塔倒塌 96.09°E
21.44°N48.14 Ⅷ度 8 德达乌镇以东1 km寺庙 1栋佛塔轻微破坏
1栋钢结构轻微破坏96.20°E
21.45°N51.21 Ⅷ度 9 皎施镇蒲甘寺 多栋砌体结构毁坏
多座佛塔严重破坏96.19°E
21.6037.27 Ⅷ度 10 曼德勒市 山达穆尼佛塔 多栋佛塔破坏 96.11°E
22.00°N23.79 Ⅷ度 11 实皆省 实皆市 和平宝石寺庙 1栋框架结构毁坏
2栋木结构毁坏95.98°E
21.906.90 Ⅸ度 12 康穆达佛塔 2栋佛塔毁坏
主佛塔轻微破坏95.94°E
21.94°N9.56 Ⅸ度 13 泰拉·纽昌寺庙 1栋框架结构毁坏
1栋框架结构承重构件严重破坏95.98°E
21.90°N6.90 Ⅸ度 14 美丽宝塔 1栋框架结构中等破坏
1栋框架结构水塔毁坏
1栋砌体结构毁坏95.99°E
21.89°N6.97 Ⅸ度 
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