To investigate the dynamic response mechanisms of the liquefiable site-high-rise building pile-raft structure-underground structure system, this study designed and fabricated a scaled model of the high-rise building pile-raft structure-underground structure system. Utilizing a large-scale centrifuge shaking table device, dynamic response tests were conducted on the liquefiable site-pile-raft foundation-underground structure system. The analysis focused on the dynamic response characteristics of liquefiable site soils, high-rise building pile-raft foundations, and underground structures under seismic actions of varying intensities, primarily including soil pore water pressure, foundation acceleration, displacement settlement, and earth pressure. The study thoroughly investigated the influence of soil liquefaction on the dynamic responses of both the pile-raft foundation and underground structures. Experimental results reveal that: The underlying foundation beneath the high-rise building pile-raft structure exhibited the highest degree of liquefaction; Under strong seismic excitation, the presence of pile-raft foundations and underground structures accelerated pore water drainage in the intervening soil to some extent; During minor earthquakes, the acceleration responses of raft slabs and underground structures demonstrated amplification effects, whereas under strong earthquakes, these responses initially amplified then attenuated due to liquefaction-induced effects on adjacent structures; The test site experienced differential settlement overall, with significant heave deformation observed in the soil overlying underground structures; Under intense seismic loading, foundation liquefaction demonstrated a notable seismic mitigation effect on both the pile-raft structure and underground structures.