Study on Typical Earthquake Hazards and Seismic Vulnerability of Residential Houses in Hubei Province
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摘要: 为获得符合湖北震损情况及民居建筑特点的房屋震害矩阵，基于8次湖北省历史地震调查资料及十堰地区房屋现场调查结果，以乡镇及农村民居为研究对象，系统分析了砖混结构、砖木结构和土木结构3种典型民居的结构特点与震害特征，采用Beta概率密度函数对高烈度区震害矩阵数据进行补充，构建了湖北民居地震易损性矩阵，通过与规范中的地震烈度表进行对比分析，验证了地震易损性矩阵的可靠性。研究结果为湖北地区乡镇及农村民居建筑的抗震性能评估及震害计算提供了科学依据和有效参考。Abstract: In order to obtain the seismic damage matrix of houses in line with the seismic damage situation and the characteristics of residential buildings in Hubei Province, this paper systematically analyzes the structural characteristics and seismic damage characteristics of three typical residential buildings, namely brick-concrete structure, brick-wood structure and civil engineering structure, based on the historical seismic survey data of 8 historical earthquakes in Hubei Province and the results of housing field investigation in Shiyan area, taking township and rural residential buildings as the research object, and uses the Beta probability density function to supplement the seismic damage matrix data in the high intensity area, and constructs the seismic vulnerability matrix of Hubei residential buildings. The reliability of the seismic vulnerability matrix is verified by comparing it with the seismic intensity table in the specification. The research results provide a scientific basis and an effective reference for the seismic performance evaluation and seismic damage calculation of township and rural residential buildings in Hubei Province.
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图 1 历次地震及现场调查房屋比例变化示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the change in the proportion of houses in previous earthquakes and field surveys
图 5 土木结构震害特征
Figure 5. Characteristics of seismic damage of civil engineering structures
表 1 历次地震建筑破坏比统计数据
Table 1. Statistics on building damage ratios from previous earthquakes
地震事件 地震烈度 民居类别 破坏程度/% 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 毁坏 2005年11月26日九江-瑞昌5.7级地震 VII 砖混结构 49.60 12.40 35.00 2.40 0.60 VI 砖混结构 65.20 16.30 18.00 0.50 0.00 2006年10月27日随州三里岗4.2级地震 VI 砖混结构 67.36 26.47 6.17 0.00 0.00 砖木结构 57.04 34.60 7.26 1.10 0.00 2008年03月24日竹山县4.1级地震 VI 砖混结构 85.90 14.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 土木结构 100.00 0.00 0.00 砖木结构 80.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2008年11月22日屈原镇4.1级地震 VI 砖混结构 84.80 15.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 土木结构 87.00 13.00 0.00 2013年12月16日巴东5.1级地震 VI 砖混结构 77.29 21.35 1.36 0.00 0.00 土木结构 95.62 3.72 0.66 VII 砖混结构 53.06 26.64 15.16 4.48 0.66 土木结构 72.74 17.44 9.82 2014年03月30日秭归4.5级地震 VI 砖混结构 57.42 26.93 12.10 3.55 0.00 土木结构 83.20 16.80 0.00 2017年06月16日秭归-巴东交界4.3级地震 VI 砖混结构 70.85 19.43 9.21 0.51 0.00 土木结构 80.26 16.15 3.59 2019年12月16日应城4.9级地震 VII 砖混结构 20.00 53.30 26.70 0.00 0.00 VI 砖混结构 80.90 13.40 5.70 0.00 0.00 土木结构 83.30 16.70 0.00 注：土木结构与砖木、砖混结构破坏等级分类不同，表中土木结构分类依次对应基本完好、破坏、毁坏3个等级。 
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表 2 湖北地区民居经验易损性矩阵（单位：%）
Table 2. Empirical fragility matrix of dwellings in Hubei Province（Unit: %）
民居类别 地震烈度 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 毁坏 砖混结构 VI 73.71 19.15 6.57 0.57 0.00 VII 40.89 30.78 25.62 2.29 0.42 砖木结构 VI 68.52 27.30 3.63 0.55 0.00 土木结构 VI 89.22 9.93 0.85 注：土木结构与砖木、砖混结构破坏等级分类不同，表中土木结构分类依次对应基本完好、破坏、毁坏3个等级。
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表 3 不同强度震害指数的期望值与方差
Table 3. Expected values and variances of seismic damage indices of different intensities
结构类型 地震烈度 标准震害矩阵 实际震害矩阵 期望 方差 期望 方差 砖混结构 VI 0.1209 0.0157 0.1071 0.0163 VII 0.2243 0.0396 0.2108 0.0386 VIII 0.3257 0.0659 0.3122 0.0649 IX 0.5381 0.0792 0.5246 0.0782 X 0.7821 0.0593 0.7686 0.0583 砖木结构 VI 0.1261 0.0162 0.1081 0.0203 VII 0.2253 0.0305 0.2073 0.0346 VIII 0.4365 0.0665 0.4185 0.0706 IX 0.6533 0.0509 0.6353 0.0550 X 0.8215 0.0301 0.8035 0.0342 土木结构 VI 0.1565 0.0238 0.0835 0.0183 VII 0.3408 0.0668 0.2678 0.0613 VIII 0.5550 0.0756 0.4820 0.0701 IX 0.7438 0.0540 0.6708 0.0485 X 0.8925 0.0137 0.8195 0.0082
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表 4 高烈度震害指数概率密度函数的α及β值
Table 4. The α and β values of the probability density function of the high-intensity seismic damage index
结构类型 地震烈度 期望 方差 α β 砖混结构 VIII 0.3163 0.0567 0.7208 1.5879 IX 0.5287 0.0700 1.1485 1.0407 X 0.7727 0.0501 1.5761 0.4745 砖木结构 VII 0.2073 0.0346 0.7772 2.9721 VIII 0.4185 0.0706 1.0241 1.4229 IX 0.6353 0.0550 2.0410 1.1716 X 0.8035 0.0342 2.9059 0.7107 土木结构 VII 0.2815 0.0615 0.5889 1.6099 VIII 0.4957 0.0703 1.2347 1.3270 IX 0.6845 0.0487 2.3835 1.1697 X 0.8332 0.0084 13.9635 3.0755
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表 5 湖北地区民居综合易损性矩阵（单位：%）
Table 5. Comprehensive fragility matrix of residential buildings in Hubei Province（Unit：%）
结构类型 地震烈度 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 毁坏 砖混结构 VI 73.71 19.15 6.57 0.57 0.00 VII 40.89 30.78 25.62 2.29 0.42 VIII 26.71 16.15 23.77 23.13 10.24 IX 3.28 13.10 19.72 31.80 32.10 X 1.07 2.24 7.43 38.89 50.37 砖木结构 VI 68.52 27.30 3.63 0.55 0.00 VII 37.49 21.28 25.12 14.22 1.89 VIII 13.24 13.06 24.45 30.76 18.49 IX 1.15 3.51 13.95 36.27 45.12 X 0.07 0.47 3.75 20.36 75.35 土木结构 VI 89.22 9.93 0.85 VII 44.73 29.21 26.06 VIII 27.91 30.55 41.54 IX 0.53 28.14 71.33 X 0.00 0.74 99.26 注：土木结构与砖木、砖混结构破坏等级分类不同，表中土木结构分类依次对应基本完好、破坏、毁坏3个等级。
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表 6 湖北民居平均震害指数与烈度表规定范围对比
Table 6. Comparison between the average seismic damage index of residential buildings in Hubei province and the specified range of the intensity table
结构类型 平均震害指数 地震烈度 VI VII VIII IX X 砖混结构 范围值 0.00-0.11 0.09-0.27 0.25-0.50 0.48-0.69 0.67-0.91 计算值 0.07 0.18 0.39 0.65 0.81 砖木结构 范围值 0.02-0.17 0.15-0.44 0.42-0.62 0.60-0.90 0.88-1.00 计算值 0.07 0.26 0.52 0.77 0.91 土木结构 范围值 0.02-0.17 0.15-0.44 0.42-0.62 0.60-0.90 0.88-1.00 计算值 0.04 0.32 0.46 0.70 0.88
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