Analysis of Focal Mechanisms and Fault Characteristics of the 2024 MS7.1 Earthquake Sequence in Wushi, Xinjiang
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摘要: 本文为研究2024年新疆乌什MS7.1地震的发震构造及应力场特征，收集了主震发生后1月23日至2月1日M≥3.5地震事件的P波初动极性符号，采用初至波极性约束的震源机制反演方法，得到68组震源破裂参数，基于应变花分类体系，建立震源机制类型与区域应力场的映射关系，发现尽管震源机制类型多样，但逆冲类事件占比超过半数，表明此次地震序列是以逆冲破裂为主。随后，系统整合本次地震与历史震源机制解，并通过网格搜索法和遗传算法进行应力张量反演，结果显示研究区呈近SN向挤压、NEE向近垂直拉张。进一步模拟应力体系与震源机制之间的关系表明，此次地震沿最优节面破裂，为后续发震机制与地球动力学研究提供了参考。Abstract: To investigate the characteristics of the tectonic stress field associated with the 2024 MS7.1 Wushi earthquake in Xinjiang, P-wave first-motion polarities from seismic events with magnitudes M≥3.5 occurring between 23 January and 1 February, following the mainshock, were collected. Using a focal mechanism inversion method constrained by first-motion polarities, 68 sets of source rupture parameters were obtained. Based on the strain rosette classification scheme, a correspondence between focal mechanism types and regional stress fields was established. Although diverse focal mechanism types are observed, thrust-type events account for more than half of the dataset, indicating that the seismic sequence is predominantly characterized by thrust faulting. By integrating the newly derived focal mechanisms with historical data and applying a stress tensor inversion based on a grid-search strategy combined with a genetic algorithm, the regional stress field was further constrained. The results indicate a stress regime dominated by near north–south compression and nearly east-northeast vertical extension in the study area. Additional modeling of the stress field and focal mechanisms suggests that the earthquake rupture occurred along the optimal nodal plane. These findings provide important constraints on the seismogenic mechanism of the Wushi earthquake and offer valuable insights for future studies of regional geodynamics.
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图 1 研究区地形特征、震源机制解译及观测台站布局
Figure 1. Topographic features, focal mechanism interpretation and observational station deployment in the study area
图 2 主震、余震初动极性在震源球上投影
Figure 2. Initial-motion polarities of the main shock and the aftershock projected onto the focal sphere
图 3 2024乌什MS7.1地震序列震源机制类型划分结果图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram showing the source mechanism type division of Wushi MS7.1 earthquake sequence
图 4 乌什MS7.1地震震源区构造应力场结果
Figure 4. The tectonic stress field in the source area of the Wushi MS7.1 earthquake
图 5 震源机制及其节面上的相对剪应力和正应力示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram showing the source mechanism and its relative shear stress and normal stress
表 1 计算震源机制解所用的速度模型
Table 1. Velocity model used in for calculating focal mechanism solution
层号 层速度Vp/(km·s−1) 层厚/km 1 3.40 0.30 2 6.10 22.79 3 6.30 20.19 4 7.0 8.81 5 8.12 — 
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表 2 基于P波初动极性的震源机制解情况
Table 2. Solution of source mechanism by P wave first motion polarity
序
号发震时间 震中位置 震源
深度
/km震
级节面1 节面2 P轴 T轴 B轴 矛盾
比P波
初动数年-月-日 时:分:秒 经度/
(°E)纬度/
(°N)走向/
(°)倾角/
(°)滑动
角/(°)走向/
(°)倾角/
(°)滑动
角/(°)方位
角/(°)倾伏
角/(°)方位
角/(°)倾伏
角/(°)方位
角/(°)倾伏
角/(°)1 2024-02-01 3:56:15 78.66 41.18 1.0 3.5 324 71 144 67 56 23 18 10 281 38 120 50 0.10 10 2 2024-02-01 3:21:26 78.74 41.26 16.0 4.4 83 81 110 197 22 26 157 33 16 50 260 20 0.00 11 3 2024-01-30 11:52:34 78.57 41.07 18.0 4.1 70 44 158 177 75 48 297 19 46 44 190 40 0.00 8 4 2024-01-30 9:44:56 78.61 41.14 17.0 4.3 330 80 178 60 88 10 195 6 285 8 70 80 0.11 9 5 2024-01-30 7:30:52 78.56 41.12 7.0 3.9 62 41 105 222 51 77 321 5 77 79 230 10 0.22 9 6 2024-01-30 7:17:05 78.59 41.14 1.0 4.3 130 85 −171 40 81 −5 355 10 265 3 160 80 0.07 14 7 2024-01-30 6:27:39 78.67 41.14 5.0 5.6 274 36 132 46 65 64 154 16 276 62 57 23 0.07 56 8 2024-01-30 5:03:21 78.75 41.19 16.0 4.2 328 51 103 128 41 75 49 5 293 79 140 10 0.00 8 9 2024-01-29 12:05:20 78.61 41.12 5.0 3.8 270 10 90 90 80 90 180 35 0 55 270 0 0.20 10 10 2024-01-28 18:07:55 80.76 42.17 6.0 3.8 170 80 180 260 90 10 35 7 125 7 260 80 0.00 11 11 2024-01-28 17:52:14 78.55 41.12 3.0 4.3 272 44 120 54 53 65 162 5 264 69 70 20 0.21 19 12 2024-01-27 17:03:04 78.68 41.16 14.0 5.1 237 74 −103 96 20 −53 130 59 337 28 241 12 0.05 37 13 2024-01-27 13:29:25 80.33 42.30 6.0 4.0 321 41 139 84 64 56 198 13 308 57 100 30 0.21 14 14 2024-01-27 8:37:19 78.46 41.04 5.0 3.9 150 90 90 240 0 0 240 45 60 45 150 0 0.11 9 15 2024-01-27 0:00:30 78.57 41.13 4.0 3.9 140 90 0 50 90 180 95 0 185 0 0 90 0.12 8 16 2024-01-26 20:05:36 78.82 41.13 13.0 4.4 175 81 −120 71 31 −17 54 45 289 30 180 30 0.21 19 17 2024-01-26 19:40:44 78.76 41.12 10.0 4.6 100 61 88 285 30 94 192 15 4 74 101 2 0.07 14 18 2024-01-26 18:36:47 78.76 41.10 2.0 3.9 242 44 120 24 53 65 132 5 234 69 40 20 0.00 8 19 2024-01-26 18:16:47 78.75 41.18 12.0 4.3 163 81 110 277 22 26 237 33 96 50 340 20 0.18 11 20 2024-01-26 16:17:58 78.50 41.12 7.0 4.2 348 61 −152 243 66 −33 203 40 296 3 30 50 0.18 22 21 2024-01-26 14:54:46 78.57 41.20 10.0 3.6 160 84 172 250 82 6 205 1 115 10 300 80 0.11 9 22 2024-01-26 10:26:05 78.75 41.23 9.0 4.2 190 0 0 100 90 90 190 45 10 45 280 0 0.17 12 23 2024-01-26 9:55:13 78.57 41.10 10.0 4.5 72 47 82 264 44 99 168 2 275 84 78 6 0.14 29 24 2024-01-26 9:14:32 78.54 41.11 9.0 4.0 98 51 103 258 41 75 179 5 63 79 270 10 0.22 9 25 2024-01-26 8:17:31 78.62 41.10 5.0 4.2 120 90 100 210 10 0 200 44 40 44 300 10 0.09 11 26 2024-01-26 6:38:09 78.57 41.11 10.0 4.7 72 66 67 299 33 131 179 18 306 62 82 21 0.16 19 27 2024-01-26 5:11:06 78.59 41.12 16.0 4.3 120 90 100 210 10 0 200 44 40 44 300 10 0.10 21 28 2024-01-26 4:01:28 78.84 41.30 16.0 5.5 303 52 107 97 41 69 21 6 269 76 112 13 0.05 73 29 2024-01-26 3:21:42 77.49 40.38 6.0 4.2 140 67 134 252 48 31 200 11 97 48 300 40 0.14 14 30 2024-01-25 17:29:49 78.92 41.36 5.0 3.9 110 90 0 20 90 180 65 0 155 0 0 90 0.00 8 31 2024-01-25 16:42:49 78.57 41.12 8.0 3.8 10 90 90 100 0 0 100 45 280 45 10 0 0.11 9 32 2024-01-25 16:14:48 78.91 41.34 8.0 4.3 288 75 167 22 77 16 155 2 245 20 60 70 0.14 14 33 2024-01-25 12:59:21 78.72 41.26 10.0 4.3 150 85 171 240 81 5 195 3 105 10 300 80 0.31 13 34 2024-01-25 9:43:48 78.64 41.08 12.0 4.5 126 77 142 225 53 16 180 16 79 36 290 50 0.00 13 35 2024-01-25 9:24:33 78.64 41.08 9.0 5.2 183 81 10 92 80 170 318 1 48 14 225 76 0.07 28 36 2024-01-25 9:13:35 78.63 41.05 7.0 4.0 290 84 −172 200 82 −6 155 10 65 1 330 80 0.08 12 37 2024-01-25 6:21:47 78.57 41.09 4.0 5.3 51 66 100 206 26 68 133 21 340 67 226 9 0.06 53 38 2024-01-25 4:35:08 78.81 41.24 10.0 4.6 73 69 67 303 31 135 180 20 310 60 82 21 0.03 29 39 2024-01-25 4:05:02 78.54 41.02 7.0 4.8 40 55 67 257 41 119 146 7 257 70 54 19 0.13 23 40 2024-01-25 3:59:55 78.65 41.07 8.0 4.0 150 87 171 240 81 3 195 4 105 9 310 80 0.08 13 41 2024-01-25 2:45:16 78.83 41.27 15.0 4.2 160 90 90 250 0 0 250 45 70 45 160 0 0.11 9 42 2024-01-25 0:20:13 78.60 41.08 10.0 3.8 160 90 90 250 0 0 250 45 70 45 160 0 0.00 9 43 2024-01-24 17:43:22 78.55 41.13 10.0 4.0 72 61 152 177 66 33 304 3 37 40 210 50 0.14 14 44 2024-01-24 10:54:03 78.56 41.07 10.0 4.2 130 90 90 220 0 0 220 45 40 45 130 0 0.14 14 45 2024-01-24 9:35:18 78.78 41.33 17.0 4.3 46 61 102 203 31 71 127 15 343 72 220 10 0.08 12 46 2024-01-24 7:50:05 78.48 41.14 9.0 4.2 160 90 90 250 0 0 250 45 70 45 160 0 0.21 19 47 2024-01-24 7:27:45 78.87 41.25 20.0 4.0 272 80 100 45 14 45 353 34 194 54 90 10 0.15 13 48 2024-01-24 5:49:46 78.62 41.14 6.0 3.6 140 81 −177 50 87 −9 5 9 95 4 210 80 0.12 8 49 2024-01-24 4:38:11 78.70 41.08 7.0 5.4 82 37 91 261 53 89 351 8 167 82 261 1 0.07 57 50 2024-01-24 3:38:45 78.57 41.14 7.0 3.8 140 90 0 50 90 180 95 0 185 0 0 90 0.00 8 51 2024-01-24 3:20:17 78.77 41.30 20.0 3.9 280 80 90 100 10 90 10 35 190 55 280 0 0.09 11 52 2024-01-24 3:11:40 78.69 41.30 16.0 4.1 280 40 90 100 50 90 190 5 10 85 280 0 0.22 9 53 2024-01-24 1:48:48 78.14 40.85 16.0 3.9 80 90 90 170 0 0 170 45 350 45 80 0 0.27 15 54 2024-01-23 21:47:17 78.62 41.14 3.0 4.1 268 51 103 68 41 75 349 5 233 79 80 10 0.25 12 55 2024-01-23 20:09:29 78.88 41.33 10.0 4.7 152 61 152 257 66 33 24 3 117 40 290 50 0.26 19 56 2024-01-23 19:07:06 78.83 41.33 10.0 4.2 288 75 167 22 77 16 155 2 245 20 60 70 0.10 10 57 2024-01-23 17:23:20 78.57 41.16 5.0 4.4 90 90 90 180 0 0 180 45 0 45 90 0 0.09 11 58 2024-01-23 17:07:09 78.56 41.18 6.0 4.7 300 88 −170 210 80 −2 165 8 75 6 310 80 0.00 8 59 2024-01-23 11:52:20 78.74 41.33 18.0 4.4 170 0 0 80 90 90 170 45 350 45 260 0 0.17 12 60 2024-01-23 9:18:41 78.81 41.20 7.0 5.3 80 45 83 270 45 97 355 0 262 85 85 5 0.00 20 61 2024-01-23 8:12:39 78.56 41.15 7.0 4.6 241 55 72 90 39 113 344 8 103 73 252 14 0.12 16 62 2024-01-23 7:55:34 78.56 41.09 10.0 4.6 220 0 0 130 90 90 220 45 40 45 310 0 0.07 14 63 2024-01-23 7:19:27 78.80 41.15 10.0 5.4 134 61 114 271 37 53 207 13 87 65 302 21 0.12 26 64 2024-01-23 5:16:43 78.61 41.07 16.0 4.6 70 90 90 160 0 0 160 45 340 45 70 0 0.29 28 65 2024-01-23 4:57:12 78.78 41.25 6.0 4.8 97 72 98 253 20 67 181 27 19 62 275 8 0.00 9 66 2024-01-23 4:29:30 78.71 41.11 18.0 5.0 348 80 −148 252 59 −12 215 29 117 14 4 57 0.18 11 67 2024-01-23 3:36:47 78.64 41.11 7.0 5.5 236 49 71 83 44 110 339 2 79 76 249 14 0.05 43 68 2024-01-23 2:09:05 78.72 41.20 18.0 7.1 237 41 57 97 56 115 170 8 60 67 263 21 0.01 68
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表 3 乌什MS ≥ 5.0地震震源机制解的最小空间旋转角
Table 3. The minimum spatial rotation angles for focal mechanism solution of MS ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in Wushi
序号 震源机制解 数据来源 本文最小空间旋转角/(°) 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°) 1 237 41 57 1 7 2 236 49 71 123 25 3 348 80 −148 12 38 4 134 61 114 123 28 5 80 45 83 12345 11 6 82 37 91 1245 16 7 51 66 100 12 14 8 183 81 10 12 22 9 303 52 107 12 21 10 237 74 −103 12 28 11 274 36 132 126789 33 注：①关兆萱等(2024)；②中国地震台网中心( https://data.earthquake.cn/ )；③郭祥云(私人通讯)提供的内部数据；④德国地球科学研究中心(GFZ)(https://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/ )；⑤美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)(https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/ )；⑥欧洲-地中海地震中心(SC4)(https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake_information/ )；⑦法国波利尼亚海啸预警中心(CPPT)(https://www-dase.cea.fr/ )；⑧全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)(https://www.globalcmt.org/ )；⑨巴黎地球物理研究所(IPGP)(http://geoscope.ipgp.fr/ )。
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