Experimental Study on the Effect of Cyclic Loading Frequency on the Bearing Capacity of Sand
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摘要: 本文针对相对密实度为35%、55%、75%的钙质砂和石英砂，开展了系列不排水单调和循环扭剪试验，重点探讨了循环加载频率为0.1、0.5、1、2 Hz作用下的砂土抗剪能力差异和静动力剪切特性的相关性。试验表明，无论是石英砂还是钙质砂，循环加载频率对其动应力-应变的影响十分显著，高频作用下，砂土液化后呈现抗剪能力衰减特性。低频荷载作用下，应重点关注砂土变形失稳问题，高频荷载作用下，则应重点考虑砂土抗剪能力失稳问题；循环荷载和单调加载下的相变应力比不同，当有效剪应力比(q/p')超过单调加载下的相变应力比时，砂土呈现变形快速发展特征；不同循环加载频率下，砂土的循环加载破坏线和单调加载破坏线基本相近。Abstract: A series of undrained monotonic and cyclic torsional shear tests were conducted on calcareous sand and quartz sand at relative densities of 35%, 55%, and 75% to investigate the bearing capacity differences and the relationship between static and dynamic shear behavior under varying cyclic loading frequencies (0.1Hz, 0.5Hz, 1Hz, and 2Hz). The experimental results reveal that the dynamic stress–strain responses of both quartz sand and calcareous sand are significantly influenced by the loading frequency. Specifically, under high-frequency cyclic loading, the post-liquefaction strength of the sand is notably reduced, indicating attenuation of bearing capacity. In contrast, under low-frequency loading conditions, deformation instability becomes the dominant concern. This distinction highlights the need to differentiate between deformation-driven and strength-driven instability mechanisms depending on the loading frequency. Furthermore, the results indicate that the phase transformation stress ratios differ between cyclic and monotonic loading conditions. When the effective shear stress ratio (q/p′) surpasses the monotonic phase transformation threshold, the sand exhibits rapid strain development, signaling the onset of significant deformation. Notably, irrespective of the cyclic loading frequency, the failure envelope under cyclic loading closely aligns with that observed under monotonic loading, suggesting a consistent ultimate strength criterion across loading modes.
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图 3 循环加载频率对石英砂液化特征的影响
Figure 3. Cyclic loading frequency effects on liquefaction characteristics of quartz sand
图 4 循环加载频率对钙质砂液化特征的影响
Figure 4. Cyclic loading frequency effects on liquefaction characteristics of calcareous sand
图 5 循环加载频率对石英砂抗剪能力的影响
Figure 5. Cyclic loading frequency effects on bearing capacity of quartz sand
图 6 循环加载频率对钙质砂抗剪能力的影响
Figure 6. Cyclic loading frequency effects on bearing capacity of calcareous sand
图 7 石英砂静动扭剪试验结果（Dr=55%）
Figure 7. Static and dynamic torsional shear test results for quartz sand（Dr=55%）
图 8 钙质砂静动扭剪试验结果（Dr=55%）
Figure 8. Static and dynamic torsional shear test results for calcareous sand（Dr=55%）
图 9 钙质砂静动扭剪试验结果（Dr=75%、f=1 Hz）
Figure 9. Static and dynamic torsional shear test results for calcareous sand（Dr=75%、f=1 Hz）
图 10 加载频率对相变内摩擦角、峰值内摩擦角的影响（Dr=55%）
Figure 10. Effect of loading frequency on phase transformation friction angle and peak internal friction angle（Dr=55%）
表 1 试验方案
Table 1. Test condition
试验类型 试验材料 相对密实度Dr 加载速率s或频率f 循环应力比CSR 单调扭剪 石英砂 35%、55%、75% 5 kPa/min — 钙质砂 循环扭剪 石英砂 35% 0.5、2 Hz 0.15 55% 0.1、0.5、1、2 Hz 0.20 75% 0.35 钙质砂 35% 0.1、0.5、1、2 Hz 0.25 55% 0.20 75% 0.35 
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