Experience and Enlightenment of Earthquake Resilience Practice in New Zealand
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摘要: 地震韧性指受灾系统在地震灾害中具有承受、恢复和学习转化的能力，为抗震减灾工作提供了新的理论指导和建设思路。作为一个地震频发的国家，新西兰的地震应对已有百年历史，地震韧性建设相对成熟，主要通过开展顶层设计、建立韧性组织体系、提升城市设施韧性、强化社区抗震减灾能力和利用信息技术辅助灾害响应等举措，提升新西兰的地震韧性。我国抗震任务繁重，建设地震韧性城市具有必要性和挑战性，新西兰地震韧性建设经验可为我国提供有益借鉴。本文旨在总结新西兰地震韧性建设成功经验的基础上，为我国地震韧性理论发展和地震韧性城市建设提供参考和启发。Abstract: Seismic resilience, as a reflection of the concept of resilience in earthquake disaster response, offers new theoretical guidance and practical strategies for earthquake mitigation efforts. New Zealand, being an earthquake-prone country with a century-long history of earthquake response, has developed a relatively mature framework for constructing earthquake resilience. This enhancement has been achieved through top-level design, the establishment of resilient organizational systems, improvements to urban infrastructure resilience, the strengthening of community earthquake mitigation capacities, and the integration of information technology to assist disaster response. In contrast, China faces significant seismic challenges, making the construction of earthquake-resilient cities a daunting objective. The successful experiences of New Zealand in building earthquake resilience provide valuable references and lessons for developing earthquake resilience theories and constructing resilient cities in China. By analyzing New Zealand's approach, China can better navigate its seismic challenges and improve its strategies for earthquake mitigation and disaster response.
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Key words:
- Resilience /
- Seismic resilience /
- New Zealand /
- Earthquake resilient cities /
- Community resilience
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表 1 “4R”框架具体内容
Table 1. The content of “4R” framework
4R 具体内容 减少风险（Reduction） 评估、分析灾害和风险，在可行的情况下采取措施消除这些风险；如果没有，则将其影响程度和
发生的可能性降低至可接受的水平。准备工作（Readiness） 建立有效的风险管理运作体系，包括为公众制定自助和应对方案，为紧急服务、生命线公用事业和
其他机构制定计划。应对（Response） 在紧急情况发生之前、期间或之后立即采取行动，以挽救生命和财产，并帮助社区恢复。 恢复（Recovery） 制定紧急情况下社区的短期、中期和长期恢复计划。 注：表格根据National Emergency Management Agency（2002）绘制。 
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表 2 响应级别描述
Table 2. The concept of response level
响应级别 描述 国家 包括国家组织的协调中心和总部，以及国家级部门协调实体和集群。由国家协调中心（NCC）协调。 区域 包括地区民防应急管理（CDEM）小组、卫生委员会（DHBs）、区域间DHB协调、警区、消防和区域组织办事处。由应急协调中心（ECC）协调。 地区 包括地方当局、地区委员会和设在地方的组织办公室（区、市）。由应急行动中心（EOC）协调。 事件 第一级官方反应，包括第一反应人员。由事故控制点（ICP）协调。 社区 公众，包括个人、家庭、社区团体和参与响应的企业。这一层面通常不构成正式响应结构的一部分。 注：根据National Emergency Management Agency（2020）绘制。
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