Study on the Detailed Geometric Characteristics of the Shuangtangjian-Laoyugou Segment of the Zijiangguan Fault Based on LiDAR Data
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摘要: 本研究利用机载LiDAR技术详细解析了紫荆关断裂双塘涧-老峪沟段的平面几何特征。通过高分辨率地形数据揭示了断裂的地表迹线和平面展布特征，分析了紫荆关断裂与南口山前断裂的几何连接关系。研究显示，紫荆关断裂沿线主要发育山地、河谷及洪积扇地貌，其中山区表现为断层崖和断层三角面；河谷内普遍发育T0、T1阶地，而T2阶地较少。断裂双塘涧-老峪沟段由多条分支断裂组成，形成右阶斜列形式，这些分支断裂具有明显的线性特征，主要沿山间谷地分布。马套村以南的两条断裂交汇部位解译数据显示，紫荆关断裂与南口山前断裂在地表的连接特征呈现复杂性与不连续性，紫荆关断裂表现为较弱的活动性，主要以正断层为主，而南口山前断裂为晚更新世活动断裂，具有显著的倾滑特征。两者的活动性及几何形态差异可能受构造应力场的影响，导致局部断裂重叠、错动以及相对位移，从而形成不完全连接的现象。这些发现为理解华北地区拉张构造背景下的动力学特征与运动学机制提供了新的视角，并对该地区的地震风险评估及地质研究具有重要意义。Abstract: This study utilizes airborne LiDAR technology to comprehensively analyze the geometric features of the Zijinguan Fault from Shuangtangjian to Laoyugou. High-resolution topographic data were employed to reveal the surface trace and planar distribution of the fault. The geometric relationship between the Zijinguan Fault and the Nankou piedmont fault was also analyzed. The research indicates that along the fault line, mountainous areas, river valleys, and alluvial fan landscapes mainly develop with mountain regions exhibiting fault scarps and fault triangle facets. River valleys generally develop T0 and T1 terraces, while T2 terraces are less common. The northern segment of the fault consists of multiple branch faults, forming a right-stepping echelon structure. These branch faults have distinct linear characteristics, mainly distributed along mountain valleys. The interpretation data of the intersection of two faults south of Matao show that the connection characteristics of the Zijingguan Fault and the Nankou Piedmont Fault on the surface are complex and discontinuous. The Zijingguan Fault exhibis weak activity and is primarily characterized as a normal fault, while the Nankou Piedmont Fault is a late Pleistocene active fault with significant dip-slip characteristics. The differences in activity and geometric forms between them may be influenced by the tectonic stress field, leading to local fault overlap, misalignment, and relative displacement, thus forming an incomplete connection. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the kinematic mechanisms and dynamic characteristics under the extensional tectonic setting of North China. They are of significant importance for the seismic risk assessment and geological research in the region.
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Key words:
- LiDAR /
- Zijingguan fault /
- Fault trace distribution /
- Geometric characteristics
1)1 2中国地震局地质研究所，2023. 河北怀来抽水蓄能电站工程场地地震安全性评价报告.2)2 3 中国地震局地质研究所，2023. 河北怀来抽水蓄能电站工程场地地震安全性评价报告. -
图 1 紫荆关断裂及其周缘活动构造图
Figure 1. Active tectonic map of the Zijingguan Fault and its surrounding areas
图 3 紫荆关断裂双塘涧-老峪沟段平面几何展布
Figure 3. Geometric Distribution of the Shuangtangjian-Laoyugou Segment of the Zijingguan Fault
图 2 Cloud compare软件中点云数据示意图
Figure 2. A schematic diagram of point cloud data in the cloud compare software
图 4 燕家台阴影地形及地貌解译图
Figure 4. Hillshade of Yanjiatai and Geomorphological Interpretation
图 6 马套村断层展布及地貌解译
Figure 6. Fault trace and geomorphological interpretation in Matao Village
图 7 马刨泉村断层解译及野外照片
Figure 7. Interpretation of fault and field photos at Mapaoquan Village
表 1 无人机参数及LiDAR 测量信息
Table 1. UAV parameters and LiDAR measurement data
设备型号 DV-LiDAR500 激光扫描角/(°) 360 测量精度 2 cm（>50 m）；0.5 cm（≤50 m） 相对航高H/m 130 航线间隔/m 78 激光扫描重叠度/% 70 地面分辨率/cm 2.6 时速/(km·h−1) 36 
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