A New Discovered Buried Active Fault Zone in the Wulashan piedmont Basin—Sanhu Fault Zone
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摘要: 乌拉山山前盆地是河套断陷带的重要组成部分。探明乌拉山山前盆地内隐伏活动断裂的分布和晚第四纪活动特征,对于认识乌拉山山前盆地构造特征和震害防御具有重要意义。浅层地震勘探在乌拉山山前盆地内新发现1条隐伏活动断裂带——三湖断裂带,该断裂带由Fp3、Fp4、Fp5、Fp6断层组成,视倾向南,皆为正断层,其中,Fp3、Fp4、Fp6断层属于晚更新世断裂,Fp5断层属于中更新世断裂。选取三湖断裂带中由浅层地震勘探确定的上断点埋深最浅的Fp3断点,开展三湖钻孔联合地质剖面探测工作,并将Fp3断层修正为Fp3a断层。结果表明:(1)Fp3a断层的上断点埋深为29.0 m,结合光释光年龄数据,断错的最新地层形成于晚更新世晚期,证明该断裂为1条活动断裂;(2)Fp3a断层在晚更新世晚期发生了4次古地震事件,按照由老至新排序的事件Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的垂直断距分别为1.88 m、2.12 m、0.70 m、5.70 m,说明Fp3a断层在晚更新世晚期活动频度较高,活动强度大。Abstract: The Wulashan piedmont basin constitutes a significant element of the Hetao fault depression zone. Ascertaining the distribution of the buried active faults and their activity characteristics during the late Quaternary holds vital significance for comprehending the tectonic features of the Wulashan piedmont basin and implementing seismic hazard prevention measures. Through shallow seismic exploration, a buried active fault zone, namely the Sanhu fault zone, has been newly identified within the Wulashan piedmont basin. This fault zone is composed of the Fp3 fault, the Fp4 fault, the Fp5 fault, and the Fp6 fault. All of them have a visually southward dip and are normal faults. Among them, the Fp3 fault, the Fp4 fault, and the Fp6 fault belong to the late Pleistocene faults, while the Fp5 fault belongs to the middle Pleistocene fault. The Fp3 breakpoint, which has the shallowest burial depth of the upper breakpoint as determined by shallow seismic exploration in the Sanhu fault zone, was selected for conducting the joint drilling geological section survey, and the Fp3 fault was revised to the Fp3a fault. The results demonstrate that: (1) The burial depth of the uppermost point of the Fp3a fault is 29.0m, combined with the optically stimulated luminescence age data, the latest faulted strata was formed in the late stage of the late Pleistocene, which proves that the Fp3a fault is an active fault. (2) Four paleo-earthquake events occurred on the Fp3a fault in the late stage of the late Pleistocene. Among them, the vertical fault displacement of event Ⅰ, event Ⅱ, event Ⅲ and event Ⅳ in order from the old to the new are 1.88m, 2.12m, 0.70m and 5.70m, respectively, indicating that the Fp3a fault had a relatively high activity frequency and intensity during the late stage of the late Pleistocene.
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表 1 浅层地震勘探解译断点参数表
Table 1. Parameter list of the uppermost point interpreted by shallow seismic exploration
断点编号 上断点埋深/m 垂直断距/m 上断点桩号/m 视倾向 断层性质 Fp1 137 2~6 10527 S 正断层 Fp2 150 2~6 9321 S 正断层 Fp3 60 2~6 3272 S 正断层 Fp4 72 5~8 2628 S 正断层 Fp5 232 3~5 1990 S 正断层 Fp6 85 2~4 1696 S 正断层 表 2 三湖钻孔联合地质剖面岩性描述
Table 2. Lithological description of the Sanhu joint drilling geologic section
层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代 (1) 黏土,灰黑色,可塑,见水平层理,见青灰黏土条带。 Q3P (2) 黏土,灰黑色,混含少量青灰黏土团块,上部夹青灰粉砂薄层。 (3) 粉砂,浅黑灰色、青灰色,局部夹亚黏土薄层。 (4) 黏土,浅青灰色,见水平层理,局部与灰色、浅黄灰色亚黏土互层。 (5) 黏土与亚黏土互层,青灰色,黑色,见水平层理,有机质含量高。 (6) 黏土,灰黑色、青灰色,水平层理发育,局部有机质含量高。 (7) 黏土与亚黏土互层,浅青灰色,夹黑色黏土薄层,见水平层理。 (8) 黏土,灰黑色,夹青灰色黏土薄层,略有腥味,局部见水平纹层。 (9) 黏土,青灰色,局部夹灰褐色粉砂薄层。 (10) 粉砂,青灰色,松散,较纯净。 (11) 粉砂,灰黑色,较松散,夹青灰、灰黑色黏土薄层,略有腥味。 (12) 粉砂,浅褐黄色,略显黄绿色,较松散,局部混杂褐灰色黏土团块。 Qh (13) 粉砂,浅青灰、褐灰色,较松散,手搓见云母薄片。 (14) 粉砂,浅青灰色,略显灰绿色,较松散,局部混含青灰黏土团块。 (15) 粉砂,褐灰色,较松散,局部含浅褐灰黏土团块。 (16) 亚黏土,褐灰色,可塑,切面光滑,手搓略有粉感。 (17) 黏土,褐灰色,局部可见黑灰色铁锰斑,可塑,切面光滑。 (18) 亚黏土,浅黄褐色,上部见植物根系,下部混含砖红色黏土团块。 表 3 三湖钻孔联合地质剖面光释光年龄样品测试结果
Table 3. Test results of OSL dating samples of the Sanhu joint drilling geological section
样品编号 埋深/m U/ppm Th/ppm K/% 实测含水量/% 环境剂量率(Gy/ka) 等效剂量(Gy) 释光年龄/ka SHZK6-OSL3 15.50 4.3 12.5 2.0 23.9 4.0±0.4 32.9±11.3 8.2±2.8 SHZK6-OSL4 20.30 3.6 11.2 2.0 21.2 3.8±0.3 39.5±9.5 10.4±3.2 SHZK4-OSL9 42.35 9.4 8.3 1.2 35.3 4.0±0.4 85.7±12.2 21.4±3.1 SHZK4-OSL11 51.45 6.7 12.6 1.9 30.5 4.2±0.4 120.5±10.5 27.8±2.5 注:光释光样品由山东省地震工程研究院完成测试。 表 4 三湖钻孔联合地质剖面主要标志层断距
Table 4. Fault displacement table of marker layers in the Sanhu joint drilling geological section
层号 地层岩性 上盘(下降盘) 下盘(上升盘) 垂直断距/m 层底界埋深/m 层厚度/m 层底界埋深/m 层厚度/m (10) 粉砂 37.81 8.80 32.11 3.10 5.70 (9) 青灰色黏土 40.98 3.17 34.58 2.47 6.40 (8) 灰黑色黏土 49.98 9.00 41.46 6.88 8.52 (7) 浅青灰色黏土与亚黏土互层 54.98 5.00 44.58 3.12 10.40 (6) 灰黑色黏土 57.10 2.12 46.67 2.09 10.43 (5) 青灰色黏土与亚黏土互层 63.31 6.21 52.68 6.01 10.63 (4) 浅青灰色黏土 67.37 4.06 56.75 4.07 10.62 表 5 Fp3a断层的古地震矩震级
Table 5. The paleo-earthquake moment magnitude of the Fp3a fault
序号 古地震事件 同震位移/m 估算的矩震级/MW 1 Ⅰ 1.88 6.80±0.34 2 Ⅱ 2.12 6.84±0.34 3 Ⅲ 0.70 6.50±0.34 4 Ⅳ 5.70 7.15±0.34 -
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