Impact of Hybrid Fibers on the Fault-Resistance Performance of Tunnel Linings Crossing Creeping Reverse Faults
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摘要: 位于断层蠕滑错动地段的隧道存在结构破坏风险，钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维能显著改善混凝土韧性，有效减缓断层错动带来的衬砌裂缝延展，但相关研究较少。在修正既有钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土本构模型基础上，基于Najar公式计算损伤变量，使用ABAQUS建立跨蠕滑逆断层隧道三维模型，对不同断层错动量下，不同纤维类型、掺量的混凝土衬砌力学性能和损伤开展研究。结果表明，断层倾角为60°时，不同错动量和纤维参数下隧道衬砌的受影响范围均为以错动带为中心的100 m，拱顶最大主应力和纵向应变极值、拱脚剪应变和拉压损伤极值最大；掺入适量纤维能明显增强衬砌力学性能并减少损伤，且混掺效果较单掺更优；混掺纤维时，在一定范围内提高某种纤维掺量能更有效地改善衬砌力学性能和损伤，并削弱拱顶最大主应力、加强拱脚受压损伤对另一种纤维掺量的敏感性；断层竖向错动不超过30 cm时，掺入适量混杂纤维可较好地满足衬砌受力变形及损伤需求，超过30 cm后可结合其他防错断措施。Abstract: Tunnels in fault creep zones face structural damage risks. Steel-polypropylene hybrid fibers can significantly improve concrete toughness, effectively mitigating lining cracks in fault zones. However, related research remains limited. By modifying the existing constitutive model of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber concrete and using the Najar formula to calculate the damage variables, a 3D tunnel model crossing a creeping reverse fault was built in ABAQUS. The study examines the mechanical performance and damage of linings with various fiber types and dosages under different fault displacements. Results show that with a 60° fault dip, the affected lining range is about 80 m. The maximum principal stress and longitudinal strain are highest at the arch crown, while the shear strain and tension-compression damage are highest at the arch foot. Incorporating an appropriate amount of fibers significantly enhances the mechanical properties of linings and reduces damage, with hybrid fibers performing better than single fibers. Increasing the amount of one type of fiber within a certain range in hybrid fibers more effectively improves the mechanical properties and damage of linings, while reducing the sensitivity of the arch crown's maximum principal stress to another fiber amount and increasing the arch foot's compressive damage sensitivity. For fault displacements up to 30 cm, hybrid fibers suffice; beyond 30 cm, additional mitigation is needed.
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图 7 衬砌顶部竖向位移对比
Figure 7. Comparison of the vertical displacement of the top of the lining
图 9 衬砌各部位力学性能及损伤分布
Figure 9. Mechanical properties and damage distribution of parts of lining
图 10 衬砌关键部位力学性能及损伤极值
Figure 10. Mechanical properties and damage extremes of lining key components
图 11 纤维掺量变化时衬砌关键部位力学性能及损伤极值
Figure 11. The mechanical properties and damage extremes of key parts of the lining when the fiber content changes
图 12 不同错动位移下不掺、混掺纤维衬砌关键部位力学性能及损伤极值
Figure 12. Mechanical properties and damage extremes of key parts of unadulterated and mixed fiber lining under different misalignment displacements
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
材料 密度/(kg·m−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) Ⅳ级围岩 2200 7 0.3 0.5 35 断层破碎带 2000 5 0.3 0.25 25 初期支护C25 2400 27.5 0.2 12.5 31 二次衬砌C30 2500 29 0.25 — — 
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表 2 纤维参数取值表
Table 2. Fiber parameter value table
纤维类型 掺量 钢纤维 0.5% 1.2% 1.9% 聚丙烯纤维 0.05% 0.1% 0.15%
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表 3 单掺、混掺相较于素混凝土的指标变化幅度
Table 3. The index change range of single blending and mixed blending compared with plain concrete
力学性能及损伤情况 S-P S P 最大主应力 378.6% 275.6% 303.8% 纵向应变 −45.5% −41.5% −42.9% 剪应变 −23.5% −11.3% −14.4% 受压损伤 −9.9% −4.4% −5.5% 受拉损伤 −7.8% −4.2% −5.7%
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表 4 纤维掺量变化时指标变化幅度
Table 4. The magnitude of the index change when the fiber content changes
力学性能及损伤情况 $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{f}} $由0.05%增至0.15%时对应变化幅度 $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}} $由0.5%增至1.9%时对应变化幅度 $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}} $=0.5% $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}} $=1.2% $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}} $=1.9% $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{f}} $=0.05% $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{f}} $=0.10% $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{f}} $=0.15% 拱顶最大主应力 30.8% 22.4% 17.7% 35.5% 27.4% 21.9% 拱顶压应变 −13.9% −14.7% −13.6% −9.8% −8.8% −9.5% 拱脚剪应变 −8.1% −7.9% −8.3% −7.6% −7.7% −7.8% 拱脚受压损伤因子 −22.3% −26.7% −31.3% −18.1% −19.6% −27.6% 拱脚受拉损伤因子 −8.8% −10.1% −8.96% −7.3% −8.1% −7.4%
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