Mechanics Characteristics of Clay Improved by Rubber Particles
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摘要: 随着乡村振兴的提出，诸多建（构）筑物建于地质条件较差的软弱地基上，为满足工程抗震需要，对这类地基土进行改良很有必要。为了探究橡胶颗粒的掺入对黏性土抗剪强度的影响规律，本文对橡胶颗粒复合土进行室内固结不排水三轴压缩试验，分析了橡胶含量、橡胶粒径、固结围压等因素对橡胶颗粒复合土力学特性的影响规律。试验结果表明，在黏土中加入橡胶颗粒会在一定程度上增加黏性土的抗剪强度，使其黏聚力稍有增加，但复合土的内摩擦角基本不变；同时加入橡胶颗粒会使复合土的初始弹性模量E0显著降低，E0受橡胶含量Rc和固结围压σ3的影响较大，受橡胶颗粒平均粒径Rd50影响较小。本文得出了不同Rc和Rd50下橡胶颗粒复合土E0在Janbu拟合公式中参数K1、n1的经验公式及建议值，以及抗剪强度（σ1−σ3）在不同Rc 和Rd50下的经验公式。Abstract: With the implementation of rural revitalization, many structures are being built on soft foundations with poor geological conditions. To address the challenges of low bearing capacity and significant settlement deformation in these soft soils, foundation improvement is essential. This study investigates the use of waste tire rubber particles to strengthen soft clay foundations. The objective is to enhance the performance of these foundations and mitigate engineering problems. To examine the influence of rubber particles on the shear strength of rubber-particle composite soil, an indoor consolidated undrained triaxial compression test was conducted. The impact of various factors, including rubber content, rubber particle size, and consolidation confining pressure, on the static properties of rubber-particle composite soil was analyzed. The test results indicate that the addition of rubber particles alters the shear strength of clay to some extent. Specifically, rubber addition significantly reduces the initial shearing modulus of the composite soil and slightly increases its cohesion, while the internal friction angle remains relatively unchanged. The initial shearing modulus (E0) of the composite soil is primarily influenced by the rubber content (Rc) and consolidation confining pressure (σ3), with less impact from the average rubber particle size (Rd50). This paper presents empirical formulas and recommended values for the parameters K1 and n1 in the Janbu fitting formula for E0 under varying Rc and Rd50 conditions. Additionally, empirical formulas for the shear strength (σ1−σ3) of rubber-particle composite soil are provided based on different Rc and Rd50 values.
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图 1 GDS动、静三轴仪（ DYNTTS型 ）
Figure 1. GDS dynamic and static triaxial instrument （DYNTTS-type）
图 10 拟合参数K1的系数、指数与Rd50的关系
Figure 10. The relationship between the related parameters of the fitting parameter K1 and Rd50
图 11 初始弹性模量预测值与实际值的关系曲线
Figure 11. Relationship between experimental value and predicted value of the initial shearing modulus
图 12 橡胶颗粒复合土的（σ1−σ3）～σ3/P关系
Figure 12. The （σ1−σ3） ～σ3/P curves of rubber particle composite soil
图 13 橡胶颗粒复合土的Rc、Rd50与（σ1−σ3）的关系曲线
Figure 13. The relationship between Rc, Rd50 and （σ1−σ3） of rubber particle composite soil
图 14 橡胶颗粒复合土的（σ1−σ3）的拟合参数n2
Figure 14. Fitting parameter n2 of (σ1−σ3) of rubber particle composite soil
图 16 抗剪强度（σ1−σ3）的预测值与实际值关系曲线
Figure 16. The relationship curve between the predicted value and the actual value of shear strength
图 17 不同Rc、Rd50橡胶黏土复合土的莫尔应力圆
Figure 17. The Mohr stress circle of rubber particle composite soil with different Rc and Rd50
图 18 橡胶颗粒复合土的φ与Rc、Rd50关系
Figure 18. The relationship between the φ of rubber particle composite soil and Rc or Rd50
图 19 橡胶颗粒复合土的黏聚力c与Rc、Rd50关系
Figure 19. The relationship between the cohesive force angle of rubber particle composite soil and Rc or Rd50
表 1 不同配比复合土的压实特性
Table 1. Compaction characteristics of composite soil
橡胶含量 Rc/% 橡胶颗粒平均粒径Rd50/mm 最优含水率/% 最大干密度/(g·cm−3) 0 — 16.00 1.839 3 0.125 15.72 1.781 6 18.85 1.715 10 19.92 1.672 20 19.39 1.520 30 20.44 1.366 3 0.375 16.30 1.776 6 18.76 1.710 10 19.90 1.674 20 19.50 1.519 30 20.20 1.374 3 0.75 16.80 1.768 6 18.90 1.703 10 19.50 1.677 20 19.55 1.517 30 19.50 1.386 3 1.5 17.18 1.753 6 18.99 1.689 10 18.44 1.683 20 19.60 1.514 30 18.79 1.410 
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表 2 橡胶颗粒复合土的试验工况
Table 2. Test conditions of rubber particle composite soil
橡胶含量Rc/% 橡胶颗粒平均粒径Rd50/mm 压实度/% 固结围压σ3/kPa 0 — 90 50, 100, 200 3 0.125,0.375,0.75,1.5 90 50, 100, 200 6 0.125,0.375,0.75,1.5 90 50, 100, 200 10 0.125,0.375,0.75,1.5 90 50, 100, 200 20 0.125,0.375,0.75,1.5 90 50, 100, 200 30 0.125,0.375,0.75,1.5 90 50, 100, 200
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表 3 不同围压下抗剪强度最大的最优橡胶颗粒含量Rc
Table 3. The optimal Rc that maximizes the shear strength under different confining pressures
橡胶粒径Rd50/mm Rc/% σ3=50 kPa σ3=100 kPa σ3=200 kPa 0.125 10 20 10 0.375 10 10 20 0.75 20 20 20 1.5 30 20 30
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表 4 不同工况下橡胶颗粒复合土的抗剪强度指标
Table 4. Shear strength index of rubber particle composite soil under different working conditions
橡胶含量Rc/% 橡胶颗粒粒径Rd50/mm 总黏聚力 c/kPa 总内摩擦角φ/(g·cm−3) 有效黏聚力c'/kPa 有效内摩擦角φ/(g·cm−3) 0 8.64 13.96 4.56 32.14 3 0.125 6.7 13.5 4.82 31.21 6 8.17 13.47 6.8 29.88 10 13.87 12.27 4.74 31.45 20 19.91 11.13 5.15 30.02 30 11.9 12.44 6.24 29.49 3 0.375 7.89 13.12 4.98 31.57 6 9.53 12.86 5.32 30.94 10 9.95 12.78 7.55 30.24 20 12.69 12.62 6.62 29.76 30 10.22 13.02 7.21 28.88 3 0.75 8.42 12.36 6.78 31.05 6 9.86 12.15 7.05 30.45 10 10.79 11.78 8.63 29.76 20 12.78 11.06 7.08 29.02 30 12.46 11.95 8.96 28.07 3 1.5 9.06 12.01 7.12 30.08 6 12.53 11.7 7.04 30.07 10 10.55 11.09 9.88 27.91 20 11.58 11.36 4.16 32.6 30 13.72 12.2 10.92 29.72
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