Seismic Performance Analysis and Vulnerability Matrix Construction for Rural Buildings in Southeast Shanxi Province
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摘要: 本文通过对山西省东南部地区
3779 栋典型农村房屋建筑的实地勘察,收集了建筑物的建造年代、结构类型、平立面布置形式、建筑材料、有无抗震构造措施等基本属性信息,统计、归纳了调研区内农村房屋现状,分析了既有建筑现存的抗震隐患;其次,通过建立适用该地区房屋的抗震能力评估标准,计算区域房屋抗震性能指数,对各调查点农村房屋的抗震能力进行初步评价;此外,基于抗震能力评估标准对该地区进行了房屋易损性评估,得出了砖混结构、砖木结构、窑洞及土木结构的易损性矩阵;最后,结合实际震害经验,从农村房屋设计、施工、加固及增强村民抗震设防意识等方面给出了相应的建议。研究结果对摸清该地区农村既有建筑抗震性能具有参考价值,为农村地区建筑物风险防范提供基础资料。Abstract: A survey of 3,779 typical rural houses in southeastern Shanxi Province was conducted to collect key structural attributes, including building type, construction age, elevation layout, materials, and the presence of seismic-resistant features. The current condition of rural houses in the study area was statistically analyzed, and existing seismic hazards were identified. The seismic capacity of rural houses at each survey site was preliminarily evaluated by establishing a regional seismic capacity assessment standard and calculating the seismic performance index. Additionally, a vulnerability assessment was performed based on this standard, resulting in vulnerability matrices for brick-concrete, brick-wood, adobe arch, and earthen structures. Finally, based on real earthquake experiences, recommendations were proposed to enhance seismic resilience in rural areas. These include improvements in housing design, construction practices, structural reinforcement, and increased public awareness of earthquake-resistant measures. The results of the study are of reference value for identifying the seismic performance of existing rural buildings in the region, and provide basic information for the risk prevention of buildings in rural areas. -
表 1 详查结果统计
Table 1. Statistics of detailed investigation results
序号 调查点 设计基本地震加速度 不同结构类型房屋数量/栋 不同建造年代房屋数量/栋 砖混结构 砖木结构 土木结构 窑洞 20世纪70年代及以前 20世纪80年代 20世纪90年代 2000年以后 1 壶关县 0.1 g 126 55 49 45 79 45 59 92 2 潞州区 0.1 g 131 74 24 16 50 41 52 102 3 平顺县 0.1 g 129 75 34 47 75 68 54 88 4 沁 县 0.1 g 108 68 51 45 86 63 54 69 5 上党区 0.1 g 280 168 72 37 147 88 122 200 6 屯留区 0.05 g 118 62 42 45 68 48 64 87 7 长子县 0.05 g 182 98 64 40 105 84 88 107 8 黎城县 0.1 g 139 69 53 27 74 56 62 96 9 潞城区 0.1 g 194 120 34 15 74 62 75 152 10 沁源县 0.1 g 127 61 87 48 103 68 48 104 11 武乡县 0.1 g 105 64 52 38 63 48 65 83 12 襄垣县 0.05 g 123 58 46 34 55 48 57 101 表 2 农村各结构类型房屋现状
Table 2. Current situation of various structural types of rural houses
隐患情况 基本完好 非承重墙体有裂缝 承重墙有裂缝 地基不均匀沉降 墙体腐蚀酥碎 墙体歪闪 砖混结构 数量/栋 1238 222 142 67 38 55 比例/% 70.26 12.60 8.06 3.80 2.16 3.12 砖木结构 数量/栋 488 219 117 57 40 51 比例/% 50.21 22.52 12.04 5.86 4.12 5.25 土木结构 数量/栋 212 150 131 25 69 21 比例/% 34.87 24.67 21.55 4.11 11.35 3.45 窑洞 数量/栋 156 83 70 68 41 19 比例/% 35.70 18.99 16.02 15.56 9.38 4.35 表 3 房屋抗震能力评估标准
Table 3. Evaluation standard for seismic capacity of buildings
序号 群体房屋抗震性能指数 抗震能力等级 对比抗震设防烈度 1 I≥0.35 强 相当于设防烈度达到Ⅷ度 2 0.18≤I<0.35 较强 相当于设防烈度达到Ⅶ度 3 0.09≤I<0.18 中等 相当于设防烈度达到Ⅵ度 4 0.05≤I<0.09 较差 接近Ⅵ度设防标准 5 I<0.05 差 远未达到Ⅵ度设防标准 表 4 农村房屋各结构类型比例
Table 4. Proportion of various structural types of rural houses
编号 县(区) 各结构类型房屋建筑比例/% 设计基本地震加速度 Pzh Pzm Ptm Pyd 1 壶关县 45.82 20.00 17.82 16.36 0.10 g 2 潞州区 53.47 30.20 9.80 6.53 0.10 g 3 平顺县 45.26 26.32 11.93 16.49 0.10 g 4 沁 县 39.71 25.00 18.75 16.54 0.10 g 5 上党区 50.27 30.16 12.93 6.64 0.10 g 6 黎城县 48.26 23.96 18.40 9.38 0.10 g 7 潞城区 53.44 33.06 9.37 4.13 0.10 g 8 沁源县 39.32 18.89 26.93 14.86 0.10 g 9 武乡县 40.54 24.71 20.08 14.67 0.10 g 10 屯留区 44.19 23.22 15.73 16.85 0.05 g 11 长子县 47.40 25.52 16.67 10.42 0.05 g 12 襄垣县 47.13 22.22 17.62 13.03 0.05 g 表 5 农村房屋抗震能力等级
Table 5. Seismic capacity grade of rural houses
编号 县(区) 各结构类型房屋抗震性能指数 群体抗震性能指数I 抗震能力等级 Izh Izm Itm Iyd 1 壶关县 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.03 0.117 中等 2 潞州区 0.22 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.184 较强 3 平顺县 0.18 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.128 中等 4 沁 县 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.077 较差 5 上党区 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.131 中等 6 黎城县 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.122 中等 7 潞城区 0.22 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.188 较强 8 沁源县 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.079 较差 9 武乡县 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.082 较差 10 屯留区 0.14 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.106 中等 11 长子县 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.114 中等 12 襄垣县 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.03 0.132 中等 表 6 结构震害等级及震害指数
Table 6. Hazard grade and hazard index of structure
震害等级 震害指数Ds 震害指数上下限 毁坏 1.0 0.85<Ds 严重破坏 0.7 0.55<Ds≤0.85 中等破坏 0.4 0.30<Ds≤0.55 轻微破坏 0.2 0.10<Ds≤0.30 基本完好 0.0 Ds≤0.10 表 7 砖混结构易损性矩阵(单位:%)
Table 7. Earthquake vulnerability matrix of masonry structure(Unit: %)
破坏等级 地震烈度 Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ 基本完好 54.52(56.01) 29.47(31.30) 10.62(12.35) 3.16(5.08) 0(0) 轻微破坏 28.81(30.10) 39.12(41.67) 27.19(28.60) 10.25(11.94) 1.88(3.51) 中等破坏 15.22(12.67) 20.63(18.27) 38.33(39.31) 21.15(22.36) 8.92(10.26) 严重破坏 1.45(1.22) 9.52(7.68) 16.07(14.35) 35.19(33.12) 27.76(27.01) 毁坏 0(0) 1.26(1.08) 7.79(5.39) 30.25(27.50) 61.44(59.22) 注:括号外数值为建筑物栋数百分比,括号内数值为相应建筑面积百分比。 表 8 砖木结构易损性矩阵(单位:%)
Table 8. Earthquake vulnerability matrix of brick-wood structure (Unit:%)
破坏等级 地震烈度 Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ 基本完好 38.24(39.04) 19.29(21.08) 4.23(6.18) 0(0) 0(0) 轻微破坏 31.82(35.22) 35.62(37.04) 17.17(19.04) 5.65(7.82) 0(0) 中等破坏 18.19(16.10) 23.49(22.56) 33.17(33.95) 16.17(18.14) 2.46(3.71) 严重破坏 10.14(8.82) 15.14(13.75) 27.27(25.08) 41.81(39.42) 24.18(26.26) 毁 坏 1.61(0.82) 6.46(5.57) 18.16(15.75) 36.37(34.62) 73.36(70.03) 注:括号外数值为建筑物栋数百分比,括号内数值为相应建筑面积百分比。 表 9 窑洞及土木结构易损性矩阵(单位:%)
Table 9. Earthquake vulnerability matrix of cave and civil structure (Unit:%)
破坏等级 地震烈度 Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ 基本完好 7.29(9.38) 1.18(2.52) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 轻微破坏 28.53(30.37) 19.35(11.51) 8.56(10.61) 0(0) 0(0) 中等破坏 36.54(35.32) 20.13(21.06) 15.08(17.22) 5.84(7.62) 1.37(2.09) 严重破坏 22.33(21.22) 39.58(37.29) 45.16(43.23) 35.22(37.01) 7.36(8.73) 毁坏 5.31(3.71) 19.76(27.62) 31.20(28.94) 58.94(55.37) 91.27(89.18) 注:括号外数值为建筑物栋数百分比,括号内数值为相应建筑面积百分比。 -
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