Study on AHP-Based Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Earthquake-induced Geological Hazard
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摘要: 基于层次分析法（AHP），对崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地基土液化和软土震陷等主要地震地质灾害的影响因素进行归纳总结，构建了一套方便适用且参数易于获取的区域大尺度地震地质灾害危险性综合评价方法。首先，基于已有地震地质基础资料，确定了单因子地震地质灾害危险性分级；然后基于AHP，确定了各因子的贡献权重；最后借助ArcGIS的空间数据分析工具，对各因子地震地质灾害危险性分级进行叠加，得到地震地质灾害危险性综合评价分级。以四川省平武县为例，基于已有的地质资料和地理基础资料，利用本文方法给出了平武县地震地质灾害危险性综合评价分级图，可供区域规划和震后应急救援参考使用。Abstract: Based on AHP theory, the factors affecting earthquake-induced geological hazards, including collapses, landslides, debris flows, soil liquefaction, and soft soil seismic subsidence, were identified, and a comprehensive evaluation method with convenient and suitable advantages was established. The parameters of the system can be easily obtained. First, based on existing seismogeological data, the classification of earthquake-induced geological hazards for single factors is provided. Second, the contribution weight of each factor is determined using AHP. Finally, using the data processing tools of ArcGIS, the classifications of earthquake-induced geological hazards for all factors were superimposed, and a comprehensive evaluation classification was derived. Taking Pingwu county in Sichuan province as an example, a classified zonation map of earthquake-induced geological hazards was produced based on existing geological and geographical data. This map can serve as a reference for regional planning and emergency rescue operations after an earthquake.1)
1 2http://www.gb18306.net/ 2)2 3https://www.usgs.gov/ 3)3 4http://www.nagc.org.cn/ 4)4 5http://activefault-datacenter.cn 5)5 6https://www.usgs.gov/ 6)6 7http://www.webmap.cn -
图 1 地震地质灾害危险性综合评价指标体系
Figure 1. Comprehensive evaluation index system of earthquake-induced geological hazard
图 4 地震地质灾害危险性综合评价分级图
Figure 4. Classified comprehensive earthquake-induced hazard zonatoion map
表 1 判断矩阵1-9标度及含义
Table 1. Scale and definition of of judge matrix
标度 含义 1 2个因素相比，具有相同的重要性 3 2个因素相比，前一个因素比后一个因素稍微重要 5 2个因素相比，前一个因素比后一个因素明显重要 7 2个因素相比，前一个因素比后一个因素强烈重要 9 2个因素相比，前一个因素比后一个因素极端重要 2, 4, 6, 8 上述相邻判断的中值 倒数 因素B1与B2相比得B12，则B2/B1判断为B21=1/B12 
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表 2 平武县地震地质灾害危险性综合评价指标分级表
Table 2. Classified table of comprehensive evaluation index on earthquake-induced geological hazard of Pinwu county
因子 危险性评价指标分级表 低危险性（1） 中危险性（2） 中高危险性（3） 高危险性（4） 坡度 <8° 8°～20° 20°～45° >45° 到河流距离/m > 3000 2000～ 3000 1000 ～2000< 1000 地震烈度 ≤Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ ≥Ⅷ 到断裂距离/m >2000 1000 ～2000500～ 1000 <500 工程岩组 坚硬岩 较坚硬岩 较软岩 软弱岩 VS30/(m·s−1) >760 360～760 180～360 <180 地形指数CTI/mm <800 800～ 1000 1200 ～1400 > 1400
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表 3 综合评价指标权重分配
Table 3. Weight Distribution of comprehensive evaluation index
目标 准则 权重 因子 权重 组合权重 平武县地震地质灾害
危险性综合评价崩塌
滑坡
泥石流0.8750 坡度 0.1600 0.1400 到河流距离 0.0400 0.0350 到断层距离 0.3200 0.2800 工程岩组 0.1600 0.1400 地震烈度 0.3200 0.2800 液化
软土震陷0.1250 到河流距离 0.2668 0.0333 VS30 0.1540 0.0193 地形指数CTI 0.0827 0.0103 地震烈度 0.4965 0.0621 注：权重为评价因子相对于上一级准则指标的权重分配；组合权重为评价因子相对于目标层的权重分配。
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