A Preliminary Study on a Rapid Estimation of People Trapped in the Single Building after Earthquake
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摘要: 最大限度降低人员伤亡，是震后开展救援工作的首要目标。当地震发生后，快速精确地估计震后人员埋压分布，为救援行动提供方向指导，是震后需要紧急开展的工作。本文在总结前人工作的基础上，提出了一种利用高精度数据开展震后人员埋压分布估计的方法。首先根据实验目的进行数据采集和整理；然后将单体建筑物按照结构类型和使用类型进行划分，在此基础上进行精细尺度人口空间化；最后依据典型建筑物易损性曲线和设定的PGA计算出建筑物破坏情况，进而实现对人员埋压位置的快速估计。本文以天津宝坻城区为研究区，选取了3种典型的震后埋压人员分布评估方法。在设定的2种地震情景下，计算结果显示人员埋压分布在数量上存在差异，但人员埋压分布区域和相对数量高值区一致，均为砖木结构，与之相对的抗震能力较强且建筑年龄较新的框架剪力墙住宅建筑发生震后人员埋压的可能性不大，本研究可为地震应急救援工作提供决策参考。Abstract: Minimizing casualties is the primary goal of post-earthquake relief efforts. When an earthquake occurs, it is urgent to quickly and accurately estimate the location distribution of buried person after the earthquake and to provide guidance for rescue operations. Based on the summary of previous work, this paper proposes a method for estimating the location distribution of victims buried after earthquake with high resolution data. First, data collection and sorting is carried out according to the purpose of the experiment. Then, the individual buildings are divided into structural types and usage types, and fine-scale population spatialization is carried out. Finally, the building damage situation is calculated according to the typical building vulnerability curve and the setting PGA, and then the buried position is quickly estimated. In this paper, taking the urban area of Baodi in Tianjin as the case study, three typical methods for assessing the distribution of buried people were selected. In earthquake scenarios settings, the calculation results showed that there are differences in the distribution of buried personnel in terms of quantity. However, the distribution area and the high-value region of the relative number of buried people were consistent, which is mainly in the brick-timber houses. In comparison, the relatively younger residential buildings with relatively stronger seismic resistance have a minimal likelihood of buried person after earthquake. Our work may provide decision-making reference for earthquake emergency rescue work.
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Key words:
- Earthquake buried person /
- Rapid assessment /
- Individual building data /
- Refinement
1)1 2https://data.earthquake.cn/ 2)2 3 高武平，姚新强，张文朋等，2020. 宝坻建（构）筑物抗震性能调查与评价—天津市地震灾害风险调查与评估试点工作技术报告. -
图 7 情景1发生在10点钟时的埋压人员分布
Figure 7. Distribution of buried people in earthquake scenario 1 at 10 o'clock
图 8 情景1发生在24点钟时的埋压人员分布
Figure 8. Distribution of buried people in earthquake scenario 1 at 24 o'clock
图 9 情景2发生在10点钟时的埋压人员分布
Figure 9. Distribution of buried people in earthquake scenario 2 at 10 o'clock
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