日本北海道胆振东部<i>M</i><sub>W</sub>6.6地震近断层地震动的上盘效应

赵晓芬; 谢俊举; 温增平; 李志恒

doi:10.11899/zzfy20230302

日本北海道胆振东部M_W6.6地震近断层地震动的上盘效应

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20230302

1.
中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100081
2.
山东省地震局, 济南 250014

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2022YFC3003503）；中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务专项（DQJB22B27）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵晓芬，女，生于1988年。博士，助理研究员。主要从事强震地面运动方面研究工作。E-mail：929921908@qq.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

The Hanging-wall Effect of the Near-fault Strong Ground Motions during the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi M_W 6.6 Earthquake

1.
Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Shandong Earthquake Agency, Jinan 250014, China

摘要

摘要: 上盘效应是近断层地震动的主要特性之一，而目前就上盘效应的定量研究较少。本文利用日本K-NET和KiK-net强震动台网获取的近场强震动加速度记录，定量研究了北海道M_W6.6地震的上盘效应对地震动PGA、PGV和不同周期的加速度反应谱值空间分布和衰减特征的影响，探讨地震动上盘效应的特征及其影响范围，并将上、下盘观测结果与地震动预测经验模型进行对比。研究结果表明：（1）在断层距小于45 km时，此次北海道地震具有显著的上盘效应特征，断层上盘记录的PGA、PGV和加速度反应谱值明显大于下盘和中间区域的地震动观测值，且高于本次地震的平均值。上盘效应影响范围与震源破裂过程反演得到的断层尺度相吻合。（2）断层上盘的PGA观测值高于此次地震平均水平的对数偏差为0.61±0.16，这与1994年北岭地震和1999年集集地震等逆冲型地震的影响水平接近。上盘记录的PGV高于平均水平的对数偏差为0.39±0.12，即高于平均水平约35%。上盘观测地震动在周期T为0.2 、0.5 、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0 s时的加速度反应谱值高于平均水平的对数偏差分别为0.33±0.19、0.54±0.23、0.53±0.20、0.26±0.21、0.24±0.19、0.16±0.16，随着周期的逐渐增大，上盘效应引起的偏差不断减小。此次地震上盘效应对地震动的影响主要以PGA和短周期（T≤1.0 s）地震动为主。（3）从实际观测结果与地震动预测经验模型的对比来看，对于PGA和小于1.0 s的短周期地震动，BSSA2014和CB2014的2个模型对此次地震上盘效应的预测效果更好，但对1.0 s以上的长周期，ASK2014、CB2014、CY2014模型的预测效果更好，BSSA2014模型则可能会高估地震动。
- 近断层 /
- 上盘效应 /
- 地震动预测模型
Abstract: The hanging-wall effect is one of the main characteristics of near-fault strong ground motion. However, there are few quantitative studies on the hanging-wall effect. Here, based on the near-fault strong ground motion recordings obtained by K-NET and KiK-net during the M_W 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake, we investigated the hanging-wall effect of the near-fault and its influence on spatial distribution and attenuation features of horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV) and acceleration spectra (Sa) of different periods. The characteristics and the influence range of the hanging-wall effect were investigated. And the observation of hanging-wall and footwall was compared with NGA-West2 prediction models. The results show the following: (1) The Hokkadio earthquake has a distinct hanging-wall effect. Within about 45 km from the fault, the observation of PGAs, PGVs and Sa are larger on the hanging-wall sites than on the footwall sites and the netural sites, and above the regressed median curve. The region of influence of the hanging-wall effect is consistent with the fault scale given by the rupture process. (2) The PGA mean residual of the hanging-wall sites is 0.61±0.16. This value is similar to the mean residual from 1994 Northridge earthquake , 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and other dipping fault earthquakes. The PGV mean residual of the hanging-wall sites is 0.39±0.12, that is, the observed PGV is 35% larger than the fitted mean. The mean residual for the spectra acceleration at periods of 0.2 s to 5.0 s are 0.33±0.19、0.54±0.23、0.53±0.20、0.26±0.21、0.24±0.19 and 0.16±0.16. With the increase of the period, the mean residual of acceleration spectra on the hanging-wall tends to gradually decrease. The analysis results show that the PGA and the short-period ground motion are systematically affected by the hanging-wall effect. (3) Based on the comparison between the observation and the prediction results, for the PGA and the short period ground motions less than 1.0 s, observation shows a coincidence with the prediction from the BSSA2014 and CB2014 models on the hanging-wall. When the long-period motion is over 1.0 s , the observation of the acceleration response spectrum shows a coincidence with the prediction from the ASK2014, CB2014 and CY2014 models, and the BSSA2014 model may overestimate the ground motions.
- Near-fault /
- Hanging-wall effect /
- Strong-ground-motion prediction models
注释:

1) 12 https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us1000chhc/executive#executive

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图 1 上盘和下盘强震动记录的傅立叶谱

Figure 1. The Fourier spectrum of ground motions recorded on the hanging wall and footwall, respectively

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 北海道胆振东部地震67个近场强震动台站的空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of 67 near-field strong ground motion stations during Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同位置台站距离参数的示意图

Figure 3. The schematic diagram of distance parameters of stations at different locations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

4 水平向PGA、PGV及不同周期对应的加速度反应谱值的空间分布

4. The spatial distributions of observed horizontal PGA、PGV and spectral accelerations at different periods

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图 5 由北海道地震近断层强震记录得到PGA、PGV、对应于不同周期的上下盘水平加速度反应谱值随断层距的变化及与NGA-West2地震动经验预测模型的对比

Figure 5. Variation of horizontal PGA, PGV and spectral accelerations at different periods in hanging wall, footwall and neutral sites with R_rup and comparison with NGA-West2 models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 位于上下盘的强震台站记录PGA、PGV及不同周期对应的加速度反应谱值对数残差

Figure 6. Residuals of PGA, PGV and spectral accelerations at different periods

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 上下盘强震记录PGA、PGV以及不同周期对应的加速度反应谱值与NGA-West2地震动模型对比情况

Figure 7. Comparison of horizontal PGA,PGV and spectral accelerations at different periods with those predictions of four next generation attenuation（NGA）empirical GMPE

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

8 基于NGA-West2模型计算的PGA、PGV和谱加速度在不同周期时上下盘事件内残差

8. The intraevent residuals of the hanging wall/footwall for PGA, PGV and spectral accelerations at different periods computed by different NGA-West2 models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 北海道地震近断层67组地震动记录基本参数

Table 1. Parameters for the 67 strong ground motion recordings during the Hokkaido earthquake

编号	台站名	纬度 /（°）	经度 /（°）	R_rup /km	R_jb /km	R_x /km	V_S30 /（cm·s⁻¹）	台站位置	PGA/（cm·s⁻²）	PGV/（cm·s⁻¹）
1	HKD038	43.2	142.6	71.9	53.3	77.4	519.9	Neutral	34.1	2.71
2	HKD039	43.3	142.4	73.9	58.0	68.4	334.8	Neutral	31.0	5.44
3	HKD040	43.0	142.4	52.8	31.3	58.5	325.8	Neutral	71.6	5.46
4	HKD096	42.7	143.1	97.0	80.9	108.2	386.3	HW	26.2	2.28
5	HKD099	43.1	142.8	86.4	69.0	96.2	269.7	Neutral	60.9	6.73
6	HKD102	42.9	142.4	53.4	32.0	59.2	376.2	HW	86.7	10.67
7	HKD103	42.7	142.3	38.6	15.4	42.6	288.9	HW	617.9	38.83
8	HKD104	42.6	142.1	23.1	0.0	25.2	396.1	HW	310.3	20.75
9	HKD105	42.5	142.1	14.8	0.0	15.9	379.3	HW	306.1	35.13
10	HKD106	42.3	142.4	33.6	10.8	36.5	238.7	HW	157.3	16.71
11	HKD107	42.4	142.5	44.5	22.0	49.2	365.7	HW	52.8	7.44
12	HKD108	42.3	142.6	48.6	29.4	49.3	312.3	Neutral	115.4	7.71
13	HKD109	42.2	142.8	65.5	48.6	62.8	288.0	Neutral	42.0	3.18
14	HKD110	42.1	142.9	78.9	62.9	74.9	222.0	Neutral	35.4	3.16
15	HKD118	43.6	141.9	81.5	74.7	37.8	359.3	Neutral	63.1	3.63
16	HKD119	43.5	142.2	83.2	71.5	58.5	413.3	Neutral	46.8	4.57
17	HKD120	43.3	141.7	58.5	57.5	11.3	272.1	Neutral	149.9	6.27
18	HKD121	43.3	141.9	57.2	52.0	26.1	276.3	Neutral	116.4	6.02
19	HKD122	43.2	141.8	41.9	39.2	15.6	247.4	Neutral	88.3	7.27
20	HKD123	43.0	142.0	28.2	12.2	27.9	554.9	Neutral	111.6	7.55
21	HKD124	43.0	141.8	20.5	17.7	10.7	461.1	Neutral	446.0	14.71
22	HKD125	42.8	142.1	28.0	3.5	30.8	213.3	HW	666.4	54.10
23	HKD126	42.6	141.9	8.4	0.0	8.7	152.5	HW	506.6	84.51
24	HKD128	42.8	141.8	6.1	0.0	6.1	180.9	HW	609.4	90.72
25	HKD129	42.6	141.6	15.1	15.1	−15.1	445.0	FW	346.8	19.15
26	HKD130	42.6	141.3	37.6	37.5	−37.5	462.7	FW	161.8	10.37
27	HKD131	42.4	141.1	63.2	63.1	−63.1	438.4	FW	307.4	9.98
28	HKD132	42.3	141.0	69.3	69.3	−69.3	229.4	FW	147.9	7.66
29	HKD133	42.5	140.9	78.7	78.7	−78.7	335.5	FW	80.2	4.96
30	HKD134	42.7	141.1	55.7	55.7	−55.7	376.0	FW	165.0	7.69
31	HKD135	42.6	140.9	74.6	74.5	−74.5	214.1	FW	40.4	3.18
32	HKD140	43.2	141.0	73.1	73.1	−46.5	346.7	Neutral	58.4	3.62
33	HKD145	42.8	140.9	65.0	65.0	−63.1	271.7	FW	66.1	3.73
34	HKD176	43.5	141.6	80.0	79.2	11.4	337.5	Neutral	99.8	4.73
35	HKD177	43.4	141.4	68.9	68.9	−5.2	455.2	Neutral	60.3	3.56
36	HKD178	43.2	141.3	52.4	52.4	−22.5	214.4	Neutral	93.7	13.39
37	HKD179	43.2	141.5	48.2	48.2	−4.0	201.9	Neutral	94.4	8.77
38	HKD180	43.1	141.4	47.1	47.1	−19.8	128.0	Neutral	148.3	21.33
39	HKD181	43.1	141.5	36.2	36.2	−5.0	212.7	Neutral	242.6	15.49
40	HKD182	43.0	141.6	24.0	24.0	−8.3	310.9	Neutral	187.6	14.59
41	HKD183	43.0	141.2	49.2	49.2	−39.6	532.1	Neutral	93.7	2.45
42	HKD184	42.8	141.6	10.7	10.7	−10.7	291.0	FW	336.5	26.05
43	HKD185	42.8	141.4	27.0	27.0	−26.9	310.8	FW	463.5	19.39
44	HDKH01	42.7	142.2	33.2	9.3	36.5	368.3	HW	583.2	36.40
45	HDKH04	42.5	142.0	14.4	0.0	15.5	235.0	HW	389.0	47.35
46	HDKH05	42.6	142.5	52.5	31.0	58.3	766.2	HW	58.6	4.08
47	HDKH06	42.3	142.4	32.8	9.6	35.8	412.2	HW	163.1	18.23
48	HDKH07	42.1	142.9	77.4	61.3	73.5	459.1	Neutral	33.4	3.13
49	IBUH01	42.9	141.8	9.6	3.8	9.2	306.8	HW	1107.3	97.57
50	IBUH02	42.9	142.1	30.6	6.4	33.7	541.8	HW	485.8	26.84
51	IBUH05	42.6	141.3	37.6	37.5	−37.5	379.3	FW	207.4	11.11
52	IBUH06	42.4	141.0	69.8	69.8	−69.8	340.0	FW	238.4	13.80
53	IBUH07	42.6	141.1	57.6	57.6	−57.6	259.3	FW	208.9	8.19
54	IKRH01	43.4	141.6	66.6	66.2	6.9	404.7	Neutral	137.3	5.01
55	IKRH02	43.2	141.7	45.0	44.6	6.6	180.0	Neutral	256.3	19.52
56	IKRH03	42.9	141.6	10.5	10.4	−4.6	325.8	Neutral	180.6	21.47
57	KKWH07	43.4	142.3	74.3	59.1	65.7	403.0	Neutral	43.3	3.46
58	KKWH08	43.0	142.7	72.5	53.5	80.7	318.0	Neutral	56.5	3.44
59	KKWH13	43.5	142.4	88.9	75.2	74.0	800.0	Neutral	36.7	3.30
60	KKWH14	43.4	142.5	83.9	68.2	80.7	537.5	Neutral	21.8	3.04
61	SBSH07	42.8	140.8	75.8	75.8	−74.3	228.5	FW	80.7	4.71
62	SBSH08	42.8	141.0	61.9	61.9	−60.8	630.0	HW	106.9	4.91
63	SRCH07	43.2	141.9	46.7	40.0	26.3	620.0	Neutral	92.0	5.27
64	SRCH08	43.5	141.9	77.3	70.6	35.9	346.7	Neutral	68.4	4.36
65	SRCH09	43.1	141.8	27.1	23.8	13.8	240.5	Neutral	515.2	23.51
66	SRCH10	43.0	142.0	28.2	12.2	27.9	1026.8	Neutral	117.6	6.47
67	TKCH04	43.2	142.9	95.2	79.0	105.5	445.5	Neutral	41.4	4.38
注：R_rup为断层距，即台站至断层面的最短距离；R_jb为台站至断层破裂面表面投影的最近距离；R_x为台站至断层破裂顶部投影在地表的距离，均基于图2中的断层破裂面计算得到，不同位置台站的距离参数计算方法如图3所示；V_S30为场地30 m剪切波速；HW代表台站位于上盘区域；FW代表台站位于下盘区域；Neutral代表台站位于中间区域。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 各种地震动强度参数的衰减模型回归得到的衰减系数

Table 2. Regression results for attenuation of various intensity measure（IMs）

地震动强度表征参数	系数				R²	σ_lnY
地震动强度表征参数	a	b	c	d	R²	σ_lnY
PGA	9.088	−1.144	8.420	−0.00286	0.686	0.560
PGV	5.987	−1.192	7.096	−0.00014	0.756	0.478
S_a（T=0.2 s）	8.500	−0.457	10.500	−0.02796	0.720	0.519
S_a（T=0.5 s）	9.262	−1.274	9.780	0	0.665	0.570
S_a（T=1.0 s）	8.141	−1.232	8.637	0	0.623	0.487
S_a（T=2.0 s）	7.498	−1.282	9.481	0	0.579	0.502
S_a（T=3.0 s）	5.670	−0.904	5.366	−0.00321	0.688	0.569
S_a（T=5.0 s）	5.508	−1.097	8.538	0	0.540	0.580

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