Characteristics of Near-source Strong Ground Motion Observed from the September 5, 2022 Luding MS6.8 Earthquake
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摘要: 2022年9月5日12时52分四川甘孜州泸定县发生MS6.8地震，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。本文利用此次地震中距离发震断层80 km以内获得的92个三分量加速度记录，研究此次地震近断层地震动峰值加速度（PGA）、峰值速度（PGV）和不同周期加速度反应谱（Sa）的空间分布与衰减特征，探讨了近断层地震动的脉冲特征及其对地震动反应谱的影响。研究结果表明：（1）此次地震近断层地震动表现出随观测方向变化的较强极性特征，其中51LDJ记录的南北分量约达到东西分量的3倍，这主要受地震的走滑破裂特征影响。（2）近场地震动强度的空间分布主要受此次地震发震断层的走向控制，峰值加速度、速度和加速度反应谱值的分布与断层走向特点一致。较强的观测值多位于烈度VII度以上的区域，与震害分布相符，地震动强度分布从一定程度决定了震害分布。（3）从实际观测结果与地震动经验模型的对比来看，经验模型对本次地震PGA和0.2 s的短周期地震动有较好的预测；对于PGV和周期0.5 s以上的地震动反应谱，本文考察的6个经验模型均有不同程度的高估。（4）本次泸定地震有2条典型脉冲记录，均位于距离发震断层15 km以内，脉冲记录波形具有明显的双向脉冲特征，记录的PGV分别达到56.0 cm/s 和37.0 cm/s。速度脉冲在其脉冲特征周期附近，对加速度反应谱有显著放大作用。受此影响，距离断层最近的T2471台站记录的东西向和南北向反应谱在周期0.6 ～1.5 s范围均显著高于VIII度罕遇地震设计谱。此外，局部地形对地震动短周期成分有重要影响，T2471记录 东西向反应谱在0.1～0.2 s ，也远远超过了VIII度罕遇地震设计谱。Abstract: On 5 September 2022, an MS6.8 earthquake occurred in the Luding county, Ganzi autonomous prefecture, Sichuan province, caused severe property loss and many casualties. Using acceleration data recorded by 92 accelerographs within 80 km of the causative fault, we investigated the spatial distribution and attenuation characteristics of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral acceleration (Sa) at different periods. We also studied the characteristic of pulse-like ground motions in the near-fault region and its amplification effect on response spectra. Our results indicated the following: (1) The near-fault strong motion had characteristics of strong directionality, showing significant variation of intensity measures with orientation. For example, affected by the strike-slip characteristic of this earthquake, the south-to-north component of 51LDJ record was about three times the west-to-east component. (2) Direction of fault fracture dominated the spatial distribution of near-fault strong motion. Distributions of PGA, PGV, and Sa were consistent with the fault strike. High intensity measure values were located within the area of seismic intensity over VII, which was consistent with distribution of earthquake damage. The distribution of strong motion determined the distribution of damage patterns in the near-field to some extent. (3) By comparing the observation with empirical ground motion models, we found these models had a good prediction of the PGA and short-period Sa at 0.2 s , but overestimated PGV and Sa over 0.5 s. (4) Two typical ground velocity pulses were observed during this earthquake, located within 15 km from the seismogenic fault. The velocity pulses had distinct bidirectional pulses in the waveforms, and their PGV was 56.0 and 37.0 cm/s, respectively. The large pulses had strong amplification effect on acceleration spectra around their characteristic periods. Due to this effect, spectral accelerations at 0.6~1.5s recorded by station T2471 in both west-to-east and south-to-north directions were significantly higher than the rare ground motion design spectrum for seismic intensity VIII. In addition, the local topography had an important influence on the short-period component of ground motion, which can be indicated by the fact that spectral acceleration at 0.1~0.2 s was significantly higher than the rare ground motion design spectrum for seismic intensity VIII.1)
1 2https://www.cea.gov.cn 2)2 3https://www.mem.gov.cn/xw/yjglbgzdt/202209/t20220911_422190.shtml -
图 1 强震动加速度记录台站分布
Figure 1. Distribution of strong motion stations during the Luding MS6.8 earthquake used in this study
图 2 选取的典型烈度台记录时程的噪音水平和傅里叶谱频带分析
Figure 2. Noise level and Fourier spectra analysis of three-component time histories of typical MEMS intensity recordings
图 3 近断层台站记录的三分量加速度及速度时程
Figure 3. Three-component acceleration and velocity time histories of typical near-fault recordings
图 4 泸定MS6.8地震近场强地震动水平峰值加速度（PGA）和峰值速度（PGV）的空间分布
注：黑色虚线为根据应急管理部（2022）公布的烈度图绘制的此次地震烈度分布3，由内向外分别表示烈度强度IX、VIII、VII和VI。PGA和PGV观测值用不同颜色标尺表示。
Figure 4. Spatial distribution of observed PGA and PGV for horizontal strong motion during the Luding MS6.8 earthquake
图 5 不同周期水平地震动加速度反应谱值（Sa）的空间分布
注：黑色虚线为根据应急管理部（2022）公布的烈度图绘制的此次地震烈度分布3，由内向外分别表示烈度强度IX、VIII、VII和VI.强震动台站用三角符号表示，加速度反应谱值用不同颜色标尺表示。
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of observed spectral accelerations at various periods for horizontal strong motion
图 6 近场强地震动PGA、PGV和不同周期5%阻尼比加速度反应谱Sa随断层距分布以及与国内外衰减模型的对比
注：图中断层距离小于 1 km的数据点取为1 km。
Figure 6. Variation of observed PGA, PGV and 5% damping spectral accelerations with fault distance and comparison with ground motion models
图 7 典型速度脉冲记录波形特征
Figure 7. Velocity wave forms of two typical pulse-like recordings during the Luding MS6.8 earthquake
图 8 典型脉冲记录加速度反应谱特征
Figure 8. Acceleration response spectra of two typical pulse-like recordings
图 9 脉冲记录的5%阻尼比加速度反应谱与地震设计谱
Figure 9. Comparison of 5% damping acceleration spectra of two pulse-like recordings with the seismic design spectra
表 1 强震动记录基本信息及地震动参数
Table 1. Basic information and ground motion parameters for strong motion records observed within 30 km from the causative fault
台站代码 台站类别 纬度/（°） 经度/（°） 断层距/km VS30/（cm·s−1） 场地
类别PGA/（cm·s−2） PGV/（cm·s−1） EW NS NS/EW UD EW NS NS/EW UD V2411 烈度台 29.6 102.1 0.7 907 I1 351.2 639.3 1.8 561.3 24.3 35.8 1.5 17.7 V2271 烈度台 29.5 102.2 5.9 912 I1 348.9 520.1 1.5 479.3 53.3 132.6 2.5 62.0 T2471 烈度台 29.4 102.2 7.4 829 I1 633.9 482.6 0.8 255.5 49.7 31.8 0.6 17.8 V2201 烈度台 29.6 102.2 8.2 889 I1 279.6 396.8 1.4 179.7 22.7 41.7 1.8 14.1 51LDJ “十五”强震台 29.7 102.2 12.6 306 II 110.1 306.0 2.8 161.2 12.5 40.8 3.3 7.7 TS003 实时强震台 29.3 102.3 16.5 893 I1 183.3 191.9 1.0 170.9 10.7 13.3 1.2 9.0 51SMX “十五”强震台 29.3 102.3 16.9 314 II 185.2 178.4 1.0 167.5 13.0 10.4 0.8 8.5 T2405 烈度台 29.3 102.3 16.9 913 I1 177.7 184.7 1.0 169.8 10.6 12.9 1.2 8.9 V2203 烈度台 29.8 102.2 17.1 900 I1 190.2 124.6 0.7 101.7 21.7 17.2 0.8 8.0 51LDL “十五”强震台 29.8 102.2 17.3 312 II 303.8 199.3 0.7 207.8 12.3 11.2 0.9 6.5 VL002 实时强震台 29.8 102.3 18.7 900 I1 388.9 416.3 1.1 170.0 29.1 33.6 1.2 6.5 T2401 烈度台 29.5 102.3 19.4 568 II 83.3 82.3 1.0 44.8 6.1 4.4 0.7 2.7 VL001 实时强震台 29.9 102.2 25.1 905 I1 103.4 159.0 1.5 150.6 5.1 4.2 0.8 3.0 51LDS “十五”强震台 29.9 102.2 26.1 348 II 62.9 45.0 0.7 90.0 4.0 2.7 0.7 2.2 T2408 烈度台 29.3 102.4 27.9 900 I1 97.2 108.9 1.1 74.4 8.0 7.1 0.9 3.7 T2307 烈度台 29.7 102.4 28.7 744 I1 98.8 158.5 1.6 41.8 7.4 9.8 1.3 4.4 51SMM “十五”强震台 29.3 102.4 29.6 298 II 394.5 316.8 0.8 116.8 13.0 9.0 0.7 4.9 T2406 烈度台 29.3 102.4 29.6 797 I1 271.5 380.0 1.4 111.0 8.8 12.7 1.4 4.6 
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