柴达木块体内部都兰南断裂晚第四纪活动特征

盖海龙; 姚生海; 殷翔; 苏旭; 刘炜

doi:10.11899/zzfy20230207

柴达木块体内部都兰南断裂晚第四纪活动特征

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20230207

盖海龙^{1, 2,},
姚生海^{1, 2, ,},
殷翔^{1, 2},
苏旭^{1, 2},
刘炜^{1, 2}

1.
青海省地震局, 西宁 810001
2.
青海格尔木青藏高原内部地球动力学国家野外科学观测研究站, 青海格尔木 816000

基金项目: 中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目（XH20061Y）；青海省中青年科技人才托举工程（2022QHSKXRCTJ49）

详细信息

作者简介:
盖海龙，男，生于1988年。工程师。主要从事活动构造及其工程应用方面的工作。E-mail：nwuhailong@sina.cn

通讯作者:
姚生海，男，生于1980年。高级工程师。主要从事活动构造和古地震研究等方面的工作。E-mail：shenghaiyao@sina.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-23
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

The Late Quaternary Activity Characteristics of the Dulan South Fault in the Qaidam Block

Gai Hailong^{1, 2
,},
Yao Shenghai^{1, 2
, ,},
Yin Xiang^{1, 2},
Su Xu^{1, 2},
Liu Wei^{1, 2}

1.
Qinghai Earthquake Agency, Xining 810001, China
2.
National Field Observation and Research Station for Geodynamics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Golmud 816000, Qinghai, China

摘要

摘要: 青藏高原是新生代期间印度与欧亚板块持续强烈陆陆碰撞作用下形成的陆内活动造山带，发育了复杂的活动断裂系统，并成为东亚显著的陆内强震活动区。已有学者对高原活动断裂的研究多集中于地块边界带上，缺少对块体内部变形的研究。近期在开展青海省海西州都兰县察汗乌苏镇地震小区划工作中，调查发现在柴达木地块东南部的都兰次级断块内部存在明显的晚第四纪活断层−都兰南断裂。通过对都兰南断裂开展详细的野外地质调查、高分辨率遥感影像解译和无人机低空摄影精细测量等，得到该断裂的构造地貌特征、空间几何展布及运动特性，并通过开挖探槽和地质测年等，对其最新活动时代及滑动速率等进行初步约束。研究结果表明，该断裂为全长约43 km、全新世活动的左旋走滑断裂，并在其东段存在长约6 km的地表破裂带。在该断裂东段，地表的晚第四纪累积左旋位移达（14.5±1.8）m，西段的左旋走滑量为（6.7±0.8）m，初步估算其东段的水平走滑速率为1.56～1.9 mm/a，西段的水平走滑速率为0.9～1.16 mm/a。该断裂的发现及全新世活动的厘定表明，青藏高原内部活动构造变形样式复杂，断块内部通常存在不同程度的弥散变形。因此，断块内部的强震危险性不容忽视。该活动断裂的发现为认识都兰次级断块内部变形样式、应变分配等提供了参考，为都兰地区地震危险性的认知提供了支撑，对防御和减轻区域地震灾害风险具有一定指导意义。
- 都兰南断裂 /
- 全新世活动 /
- 地表破裂 /
- 左旋走滑 /
- 运动速率
Abstract: The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is an intracontinental active orogenic belt formed under the continuous strong continental collision between India and Eurasia during the Cenozoic era. It has developed an extremely complex active fault system and has become an extremely significant intracontinental strong earthquake activity area in East Asia. Previous studies on active faults in the plateau have focused more on the boundary zone of the block, but paid less attention to the internal deformation of the block. Recently, during the seismic zoning of Chahanwusu Town, Dulan County, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, it was found that there was an obvious late Quaternary active fault - Dulan South fault in the Dulan secondary fault block in the southeast of Qaidam block. Through detailed field geological survey, high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation and low altitude photography fine measurement of the Dulan South fault, the structural and geomorphic characteristics, spatial geometric distribution and movement characteristics of the fault are obtained. The latest activity age and sliding rate are preliminarily constrained by excavation of trench and geological dating. The results show that the fault is a 43 km long, Holocene left lateral strike slip fault, and there is a 6 km long surface fracture zone at its east end. In the east section of the fault, the accumulated left lateral displacement of the surface in the late Quaternary is (14.5 ± 1.8) m, and the left lateral strike slip of the west section is (6.7 ± 0.8) m. It is preliminarily estimated that the horizontal strike slip rate in the east section is about 1.56～1.9 mm/a, and that in the west section is about 0.9～1.16 mm/a. The discovery of the fault and the determination of Holocene activity indicate that the active tectonic deformation style in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is very complex, and there is usually dispersion deformation in the fault block with different degrees. Therefore, the risk of strong earthquakes in the fault block cannot be ignored. The new discovery of this active fault provides an important basis for understanding the internal deformation style and strain distribution of Dulan sub-fault block, provides strong support for the recognition of seismic risk in Dulan area, and has a certain guiding significance for the prevention and mitigation of regional seismic disaster risk.
- Dulan South fault /
- Holocene activities /
- Surface rupture /
- Left lateral strike slip /
- Motion rate

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地震构造

Figure 1. Seismic tectonic map of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 都兰南断裂几何展布

Figure 2. Geometric display of the the Dulan South fault

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 都兰南断裂地表破裂遥感影像（影像据Google map，红色箭头为断裂疑似位置）

Figure 3. Remote sensing image of surface ruptures at the Dulan South fault （According to google map, the red arrow is the suspected location of the break）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 都兰南断裂东段地表破裂

Figure 4. Surface rupture at the eastern end of the Dulan South fault

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 断层陡坎垂直高度测量

Figure 5. Measurement of vertical height of fault steep

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 沿地表破裂发育的断层凹槽、反向陡坎和断塞塘

Figure 6. Fault grooves, reverse steep ridges and fault ponds develop along surface ruptures

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图 7 G109国道以西1.5 km处断裂沿线地貌特征

Figure 7. Landform features along the fault 1.5 km to the west of G109 national highway

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 G109国道以西1.5 km处断裂沿线左旋位移

Figure 8. Photo of left-handed displacement along the fault line 1.5 km west of G109 national highway

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 探槽与断裂位置示意

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the location of exploration trenches and faults

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图 10 探槽剖面及解译

Figure 10. Sectional view and interpretation of the trench

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图 11 S4冲沟左旋位错影像

Figure 11. Image of left hand dislocation in S4 gully

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 探槽剖面图及解译

Figure 12. Profile and interpretation of trench

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 地表破裂沿线冲沟左旋位错实测位移

Table 1. Measured displacement table of left-handed dislocation of gullies along the surface rupture

实测水平位移点	水平位移/m	平均水平位移/m
S1	11.7±1.2	14.5±1.8
S2	14.5±1.5
S3	15.8±1.5
S4	16.0±1.6

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 断层陡坎垂直高度实测位移

Table 2. Measured displacement of vertical height of fault scarp

实测垂直位移点	垂直位移/m	平均垂直位移/m
P1	1.0	0.85
P2	0.6
P3	0.8
P4	1.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 断裂沿线冲沟左旋位错实测位移

Table 3. Measured displacement table of gully left-handed dislocation along the fault

实测水平位移点	水平位移/m	平均水平位移/m
S5	7.0±0.8	6.7±0.8
S6	6.4±0.8	6.7±0.8

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 桃斯托河西北岸探槽¹⁴C样品测试结果

Table 4. Test results of¹⁴C sample from trench on the north west bank of taosto river

实验室编号	样品号	取样位置	测年物质	常规放射性碳年代/a BP	树轮校正2σ/Cal a BP
Beta-536481	DLT1-C2	U4地层	泥炭	4 820±30	5 533±41
Beta-536483	DLT1-C4	U5地层	泥炭	7 600±30	8 397±21

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 G109国道以西探槽OSL样品测试结果

Table 5. Test results of OSL sample trench from the trench to west of G109 national highway

实验室编号	样品号	取样位置	环境剂量率/（Gy·ka⁻¹）	测年物质	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
—	DLT2-1	U3地层	—	未取得测试数据	—	—
2020_1_22	DLT2-2	U3地层	3.646±0.160	粉质黏土	17.58±1.97	4.8±0.6
2020_1_23	DLT2-3	U3地层	3.653±0.162	细砂	19.41±1.44	5.3±0.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 G109国道以西探槽¹⁴C样品测试结果

Table 6. Test results of ¹⁴C sample from the trench to the west of G109 national highway

实验室编号	样品号	取样位置	测年物质	常规放射性碳年代/a BP	树轮校正2σ/Cal a BP
Beta-570283	DLT2-C1	U4地层	泥炭	5 710±30	6 497±51
Beta-570284	DLT2-C2	U2地层	泥炭	2 820±30	2 922±44

下载: 导出CSV

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