• ISSN 1673-5722
  • CN 11-5429/P

中缅油气管道跨断裂地震变形的GNSS观测

郑舒元 王建雄 崔建文

郑舒元,王建雄,崔建文,2022. 中缅油气管道跨断裂地震变形的GNSS观测. 震灾防御技术,17(4):751−763. doi:10.11899/zzfy20220417. doi: 10.11899/zzfy20220417
引用本文: 郑舒元,王建雄,崔建文,2022. 中缅油气管道跨断裂地震变形的GNSS观测. 震灾防御技术,17(4):751−763. doi:10.11899/zzfy20220417. doi: 10.11899/zzfy20220417
Zheng Shuyuan, Wang Jianxiong, Cui Jianwen. GNSS Monitoring of Cross Fault Seismic Deformation of China Myanmar Oil and Gas Pipeline Project[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2022, 17(4): 751-763. doi: 10.11899/zzfy20220417
Citation: Zheng Shuyuan, Wang Jianxiong, Cui Jianwen. GNSS Monitoring of Cross Fault Seismic Deformation of China Myanmar Oil and Gas Pipeline Project[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2022, 17(4): 751-763. doi: 10.11899/zzfy20220417

中缅油气管道跨断裂地震变形的GNSS观测

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20220417
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41867040)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    郑舒元,男,生于1997年。硕士研究生。主要从事资源与环境遥感方面的研究。E-mail:952012141@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    崔建文,男,生于1967年。博士,研究员。主要从事强震动观测与研究。E-mail: HXMCJW@163.com

GNSS Monitoring of Cross Fault Seismic Deformation of China Myanmar Oil and Gas Pipeline Project

  • 摘要: 中缅油气管道工程是我国重要的能源战略项目,该工程沿线地质背景复杂、破坏性地震多发,尤其是在云南境内跨越的3条大断裂曾发生过7级以上大震,有再次发生破坏性地震的可能性,对管道安全有潜在威胁。中缅油气管道地震观测项目通过在管道与3条断裂交汇处布设3组GNSS观测点,观测地震可能引起的断层位错,进而估计管道可能的变形影响。基于观测数据,分析影响观测的因素及断层位错的观测误差。管道变形承受能力对比结果表明,GNSS跨断裂变形观测系统能够有效观测断裂的位错,进而估计其对管道产生的影响。
  • 图  1  龙陵-瑞丽跨断层观测系统布设示意图

    Figure  1.  Layout of Longling-Ruili cross fault monitoring system

    图  2  凤仪-定西岭跨断层观测系统布设示意图

    Figure  2.  Layout of Fengyi-Dingxiling cross fault monitoring system

    图  3  小江断裂西支跨断层观测系统布设示意图

    Figure  3.  Layout of fault monitoring system across the west branch of Xiaojiang fault

    图  4  跨断层变形观测系统GNSS固定观测墩

    Figure  4.  GNSS fixed observation pier of cross fault deformation monitoring system

    图  5  跨断层变形观测系统GNSS观测房(含观测墩)

    Figure  5.  Cross fault deformation monitoring system GNSS observation room (Including observation pier)

    图  6  龙陵观测站观测点PPP定位结果相对于测点初始位置偏移随时间的变化

    Figure  6.  Variation of PPP positioning results of Longling observation station relative to the initial position offset of measurement points with time

    图  7  定西岭观测站观测点PPP定位结果相对于测点初始位置偏移随时间的变化

    Figure  7.  Variation of PPP positioning result of Dingxiling observation station relative to the initial position offset of the measurement point with time

    图  8  龙陵观测站观测点间水平面内基线长度的变化

    Figure  8.  Change of baseline length in horizontal between observation points of Longling observation station

    图  9  定西岭观测站观测点间水平面内基线长度的变化

    Figure  9.  Change of baseline length in horizontal between observation points of Dingxiling observation station

    图  10  龙陵观测站观测点间竖向间距的变化

    Figure  10.  Change of vertical distance between two measuring points at Longling observation station

    图  11  定西岭观测站观测点间竖向间距的变化

    Figure  11.  Change of vertical point spacing between observation points of Dingxiling observation station

    图  12  定西岭、龙陵观测站观测数据的多路径误差

    Figure  12.  Multipath error of observation data at Dingxiling and Longling observation stations

    图  13  定西岭、龙陵观测站单点定位误差

    Figure  13.  Single point positioning error of Dingxiling and Longling observation stations

    图  14  定西岭、龙陵观测站观测数据信噪比

    Figure  14.  Signal to noise ratio of observation data of Dingxiling and Longling observation stations

    图  15  定西岭观测站基线误差解算结果

    Figure  15.  Baseline error calculation results of Dingxiling observation station

    图  16  龙陵观测站基线误差解算结果

    Figure  16.  Baseline error calculation results of Longling observation station

    表  1  GNSS测量系统技术性能指标

    Table  1.   Technical performance indexes of GNSS measurement system

    指标 基本性能
    通道 ≥24(并行)
    测量方式 独立完整的码与载波相位测量、高精度的多重相关 L1/L2 伪距测量
    采样 最大20 Hz
    RTK网络 VRS、FKP、MAC
    数据存储 ≥32 MB
    通信 RJ45、RS232,无线802.11 b
    功耗 2 W
    电源 10.5~28 V 直流,带压电保护功能。
    工作温度 −30 ℃~70 ℃
    静态精度(MonNET 后处理) 水平:3 mm+0.5 ppm RMS
    垂直:5 mm+1 ppm RMS
    快速静态基线精度(后处理)
    水平:5 mm+0.5 ppm
    垂直:10 mm+1 ppm
    动态定位:RTK
    水平:10 mm+1 ppm
    垂直:20 mm+1 ppm
    天线类型 L1/L2 零相位微对中天线,抑径板可以减少多路径干扰
    天线增益 50 dB,内置低噪音放大器
    使用温度 −40 ℃~70 ℃
    天线包装 防水、密封,高技术材料外壳机械强度高
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  数据利用率及周跳频次统计

    Table  2.   Statistics of data utilization and weekly hop frequency

    测站 数据利用率/% 周跳频次
    MDGCDS 100 0.006 2
    MDGCF 100 0.012 0
    MDGCDX 83 0.002 8
    LLGCD 100 0.004 4
    LLGCF 100 0.005 6
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  管道尺寸参数

    Table  3.   Design parameters of different pipeline projects

    管道项目 外径/m 壁厚/m 设计压力/MPa
    天然气管道 0.010 6 0.022 9 15
    原油管道 0.813 0 0.028 6 15
    成品油管道 0.219 1 0.009 5 15
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  管道容许变形计算

    Table  4.   Calculation of pipeline ultimate deformation

    管道项目 容许拉伸量/cm 容许压缩量/cm 容许弯曲量/cm
    天然气管道 41.13 27.57 8.4
    原油管道 132.59 70.56 152.9
    成品油管道 66.08 20.04 63.77
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  PPP基线误差收敛值

    Table  5.   Convergence value of PPP baseline error

    方向 定西岭观测站基线
    误差收敛值/cm
    龙陵观测站基线
    误差收敛值/cm
    N 0.514 0.412
    E 0.381 0.379
    U 3.341 4.314
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同观测站观测值与真实值差值的标准差

    Table  6.   Difference standard deviation between observed values and true values at different stations

    基线段 标准差/cm
    定西岭观测站A-C 0.058
    定西岭观测站B-C 0.060
    定西岭观测站A-B 0.058
    龙陵观测站A-B 0.029
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  N向GNSS管道观测阈值

    Table  7.   Observation threshold of GNSS pipeline in horizontal N direction

    基线段 拉伸阈值/cm 压缩阈值/cm 弯曲阈值/cm
    天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道 天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道 天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道
    定西岭观测站A-C 41.702 133.162 66.652 28.142 71.132 20.612 8.972 153.472 64.342
    定西岭观测站B-C 41.704 133.164 66.654 28.144 71.134 20.614 8.974 153.474 64.344
    定西岭观测站A-B 41.702 133.162 66.652 28.142 71.132 20.612 8.972 153.472 64.342
    龙陵观测站A-B 41.571 133.031 66.521 28.011 71.001 20.481 8.943 153.443 64.313
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  E向GNSS管道观测阈值

    Table  8.   Observation threshold of GNSS pipeline in horizontal Edirection

    基线段 拉伸阈值/cm 压缩阈值/cm 弯曲阈值/cm
    天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道 天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道 天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道
    定西岭观测站A-C 41.569 133.029 66.519 28.007 70.999 20.479 8.839 153.339 64.209
    定西岭观测站B-C 41.571 133.031 66.521 28.011 71.001 20.481 8.841 153.341 64.211
    定西岭观测站A-B 41.569 133.029 66.519 28.009 70.999 20.479 8.839 153.339 64.209
    龙陵观测站A-B 41.538 132.998 66.488 27.978 70.968 20.448 8.808 153.308 64.178
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  U向GNSS管道观测阈值

    Table  9.   Observation threshold of GNSS pipeline in vertical U direction

    基线段 拉伸阈值/cm 压缩阈值/cm 弯曲阈值/cm
    天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道 天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道 天然气管道 原油管道 成品油管道
    定西岭观测站A-C 44.529 135.989 69.479 30.969 73.959 23.439 11.799 156.299 67.169
    定西岭观测站B-C 44.531 135.991 69.481 30.971 73.961 23.441 11.801 156.301 67.171
    定西岭观测站A-B 44.529 135.989 69.479 30.969 73.959 23.439 11.799 156.299 67.169
    龙陵观测站A-B 45.473 136.933 70.423 31.913 73.93 24.383 12.743 157.243 68.113
    下载: 导出CSV
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