Simulation of High-frequency Ground Motions in the Subduction Zone of the Sea Area−Taking the Fukushima MS7.1 Earthquake on February 13, 2021 as an Example
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摘要: 2021年2月13日，日本福岛近海发生MS7.1地震，震中距海岸线约70 km，震源深度接近60 km，造成了较大范围的震害影响。考虑地震应急及地震动强度特征预测的应用前景等，利用经验格林函数法快速估计了本次地震的高频地震动（1.0～20.0 Hz）空间分布特征及加速度时程，并结合实际地形、场地覆盖层等信息对部分台站地震动模拟结果进行修正，最终获得较可靠的地震动预测结果。研究结果表明，在具备合适小震记录时（余震及前震），可较准确地再现大震的高频地震动主要特征，模拟结果与真实记录拟合较好；地震动模拟过程中需考虑盆地等特殊地形及覆盖土层对地震动的放大作用影响，这也是未来利用经验格林函数法合成大震时需重点考虑的因素。Abstract: On February 13, 2021, an MS7.1 earthquake occurred in the coast of Fukushima, Japan. The epicenter was about 70 km away from the coastline and the focal depth was nearly 60 km, resulting in a wide range of earthquake damage. From the perspective of earthquake emergency and the application prospect of ground motion evaluation, this paper attempts to quickly evaluate the spatial distribution characteristics and acceleration time history of high-frequency ground motion of this earthquake based on the empirical Green's function method, and modifies the ground motion simulation results of some stations in combination with the actual terrain, deep-thickness overburden layer and other information. Finally, more reliable ground motion evaluation results are obtained. The results show that the main characteristics of high-frequency ground motion of large earthquakes can be accurately reproduced when appropriate small earthquake records (aftershocks and foreshocks) are available, and the simulation results are also well fitted with the real records; In the process of ground motion simulation, the influence of basin and other special terrain and thick overburden on the amplification of ground motion need to be considered, which is also the key factor to be considered when synthesizing large earthquakes by empirical Green's function method in the future.
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图 2 最大峰值加速度出现的台站MYGH10各分量时程
Figure 2. Time history of each component of station MYGH10 with maximum peak ground acceleration
图 3 经验格林函数法用到的有限断层震源模型
注：rij为第（i，j）个子断层到观测点的距离,r0为破裂初始点到观测点的距离;ξij为第（i，j）个子断层到初始破裂位置的距离，W和L分别为大震断层面的长度和宽度，w和l分别为小震断层面的长度和宽度
Figure 3. Finite fault source model
4 初步模拟结果较好的部分台站地震动加速度时程
4. Acceleration time history of some stations with good initial simulation results
5 初步模拟结果欠佳的5个台站地震动加速度时程
5. Acceleration time history of 5 stations with poor initial simulation results
图 6 初步模拟后观测值与模拟值的PGA空间分布特征对比
Figure 6. After the preliminary simulation, the spatial distribution characteristics of PGA between the observed valuesand the simulated values were compared
图 8 部分台站（1.0～20.0 Hz）观测值与模拟值的地震动傅氏谱对比
Figure 8. The fourier spectra of some stations （1.0～20 Hz） are compared with the simulated values
表 1 震源参数
Table 1. Parameters of related source
参数 震级 MS7.1 MS4.8 破裂面积/km2 6.29×103 2.76×102 地震矩/dyne·cm 1.54×1026 7.26×1023 震源深度/km 50.7 50.0 剪切波速/km·s−1 4.2 4.2 破裂速度/km·s−1 3.3 3.3 震源上升时间/s 3.04 3.04 
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表 2 凹凸体参数
Table 2. Parameters of the asperity
参数 数值 凹凸体面积/m2 1.38×109 凹凸体地震矩/dyne·cm 3.40×1025 大、小地震应力降比值C 5.45 划分子断层数量N 4.13 子断层长度dx/km 10.52 子断层宽度dw/km 5.26
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表 3 MYGH10台站波速结构
Table 3. The velocity structure of station MYGH10
土层编号 厚度/m 深度/m P波速度
VP/m·s−1剪切波速VS/m·s−1 1 1 1 500 110 2 2 3 1 750 250 3 31 34 1 750 390 4 80 114 1 830 590 5 — — 1 920 770
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表 4 台站加速度时程幅值修正系数
Table 4. Correction coefficient of acceleration time history amplitude of each station
台站编号 初始PGA（EW向）/
cm·s−2初始PGA（NS向）/
cm·s−2修正系数 修正后PGA（EW向）/
cm·s−2修正后PGA（NS向）/
cm·s−2FKS002 12.7 17.5 1.4 17.78 24.5 FKS017 3.9 3.5 3.5 13.65 12.3 FKS019 10.3 11.5 1.8 18.54 20.7 MYG014 5.7 6.3 1.5 8.55 9.5 MYGH10 20.1 29.5 2.1 42.21 61.9
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