MEMS型加速度传感器在超高层建筑振动监测中的性能对比测试

胡荣攀; 汪羽凡; 王立新; 林健富; 刘军香; 赵贤任

doi:10.11899/zzfy20220215

MEMS型加速度传感器在超高层建筑振动监测中的性能对比测试

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20220215

深圳防灾减灾技术研究院, 广东深圳 518000

基金项目: 广东省防震减灾科技协同创新中心项目（2018B020207011）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1511005-5，2019YFB2102704）；中国地震局地震科技星火计划攻关项目（XH204702）

详细信息

作者简介:
胡荣攀，男，生于1990年。博士，助理研究员。主要从事地震工程及结构健康监测方面的研究。E-mail：rongpan.hu@outlook.com

通讯作者:
林健富，男，生于1985年。博士，副研究员。主要从事结构健康监测方面的研究。E-mail：linjianf@hotmail.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-30

Performance Test and Comparison of MEMS Accelerometers for Vibration Monitoring of High-Rise Building

Shenzhen Academy of Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 为开展MEMS型加速度传感器在超高层建筑振动监测应用中的性能对比测试，选取4种不同类型MEMS型加速度传感器与G1B型力平衡式加速度传感器，将其安装在地王大厦相同测点，对MEMS型、G1B型加速度传感器记录的结构环境振动数据进行时程、频谱和模态频率对比分析，并对其记录的结构地震响应进行时域及频域对比。研究结果表明，不同类型MEMS型加速度传感器仪器噪声均大于G1B型加速度传感器，其中MEMS-I型加速度传感器噪声水平相对较小，与G1B型加速度传感器模态频率识别结果及地震响应监测数据吻合较好，验证了MEMS-I型加速度传感器可较准确地记录到结构强振动响应，适用于超高层建筑日常结构振动监测。
- 超高层建筑 /
- MEMS型加速度传感器 /
- 结构振动 /
- 模态频率 /
- 性能测试
Abstract: Field test was carried out in this study to evaluate and compare the performance of MEMS accelerometers for the vibration monitoring of high-rise buildings. Four MEMS accelerometers of different types and a G1B-type force-balanced accelerometer were selected and installed on the same location in Diwang Building for testing. The ambient vibration of the building recorded by the MEMS accelerometers was compared with the G1B accelerometer in terms of time history, Fourier spectrum and modal frequency identification. In addition, the earthquake-induced structural responses of the high-rise building recorded by MEMS-I type accelerometer was compared with those recorded by the G1B accelerometer in both time and frequency domain. The test results show that the noise levels of the four MEMS accelerometers are all higher than that of the G1B accelerometer. Among them, the MEMS-I type accelerometer has a relatively lower level of sensor noise and achieves a good match with the G1B accelerometer in terms of modal frequency identification and earthquake-induced structural vibration measurement, which proves that the MEMS-I type accelerometer can record the strong structural vibration with acceptable accuracy and is feasible for daily vibration monitoring of the high-rise buildings.
- High-rise building /
- MEMS accelerometer /
- Structural vibration /
- Modal frequency /
- Field test

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图 1 不同种类传感器

Figure 1. Product pictures of different sensors

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图 2 地王大厦测点位置

Figure 2. Layout of sensor installation on Diwang building

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图 3 不同类型加速度传感器加速度时程曲线

Figure 3. Acceleration time histories of different sensors in x and y directions

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图 4 不同传感器x、y向加速度傅里叶谱

Figure 4. Fourier spectrum of acceleration measurement of different sensors in x and y directions

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图 5 不同传感器x、y向加速度傅里叶谱幅值相对误差对比

Figure 5. Relative errors of peak Fourier spectrum amplitudes of different sensors

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图 6 基于频域分解法的模态频率识别流程

Figure 6. Flowchart of the FDD-based modal frequency identification method

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图 7 不同传感器监测数据时频能量云图

Figure 7. Time-frequency domain color map of the vibration energy of different sensor measurement

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图 8 G1B型、MEMS-I型加速度传感器监测的结构地震响应时程曲线

Figure 8. Comparison of earthquake-induced structural responses measured by the G1B and MEMS-I accelerometers

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图 9 G1B型、MEMS-I型加速度传感器监测的结构地震响应局部波形

Figure 9. Detailed comparison of earthquake-induced structural responses measured by the G1B and MEMS-I accelerometers

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图 10 G1B型、MEMS-I型加速度传感器监测的结构地震响应频谱曲线

Figure 10. Comparison of Fourier spectrum of earthquake-induced structural responses measured by the G1B and MEMS-I accelerometers

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表 1 传感器技术参数对比

Table 1. Comparison of parameters of different sensors

传感器类型	测量范围/g	频响范围/Hz	动态范围/dB	噪声均方根/(${\text{μ}}{{\rm{g}}}/\sqrt{\rm{H}\rm{z} }$)	功耗/W
G1B	±3	0～100	>130	0.5	3
MEMS-I	±2.5	0～80	>90	10.0	<2
Palert-Plus	±2	0～100	>100	25.0	2
AC217	±4	0～100	>104	25.0	<1
Palert-Advance	±2	0～100	>90	25.0	3

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表 2 不同传感器$x $、$y $向加速度时程的均方根

Table 2. RMS of acceleration measurement of different sensors in ${\boldsymbol{x}} $ and ${\boldsymbol{y}} $ directions

方向	传感器类型
方向	G1B型	MEMS-I型	Palert-Plus型	AC217型	Palert-Advance型
x	0.015	0.037	0.040	0.048	0.052
y	0.018	0.038	0.042	0.048	0.059

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表 3 G1B型加速度传感器实测自振频率识别结果与已有研究结果对比

Table 3. Comparison of modal frequency identification results between G1B accelerometer and references

阶数	G1B型加速度传感器实测自振频率/Hz	郭西锐等（2016）自振频率/Hz	与郭西锐等（2016）研究的相对误差/%	徐枫等（2014）自振频率/Hz	与徐枫等（2014）研究的相对误差/%
1	0.168 6	0.169 7	0.65	0.168 9	0.18
2	0.198 4	0.198 9	0.25	0.199 3	0.45
3	0.276 9	0.277 8	0.32	0.278 2	0.47
4	0.540 2	0.539 4	0.15	0.538 3	0.35
5	0.648 5	0.649 4	0.14	0.642 2	0.98
6	0.676 7	0.677 2	0.07	—	—
7	0.841 5	0.844 7	0.38	0.839 3	0.26
8	1.169 0	1.179 0	0.85	1.168 0	0.09
9	1.498 0	1.498 0	0.00	—	—
10	1.582 0	1.591 0	0.57	—	—
11	1.834 0	1.844 0	0.54	1.852 0	0.97
12	1.929 0	1.943 0	0.72	1.942 0	0.67
13	1.965 0	1.972 0	0.35	1.962 0	0.15

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表 4 不同类型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率识别结果对比

Table 4. Comparison of modal frequencies identified from the measurement of different sensors

阶数	G1B型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率/Hz	MEMS-I型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率/Hz	MEMS-I型与G1B型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率相对误差/%	Palert-Plus型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率频率/Hz	Palert-Plus型与G1B型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率相对误差/%	AC217型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率频率/Hz	AC217型与G1B型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率相对误差/%	Palert-Advance型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率频率/Hz	Palert-Advance型与G1B型加速度传感器监测数据的模态频率相对误差/ %
1	0.168 4	0.168 3	0.059	0.168 0	0.238	0.169 1	0.416	0.169 9	0.891
2	0.198 5	0.198 5	0.000	0.198 3	0.101	0.198 6	0.050	0.199 8	0.655
3	0.277 4	0.277 3	0.036	0.277 6	0.072	0.277 1	0.108	0.279 5	0.757
4	0.540 7	0.540 8	0.018	0.539 8	0.166	0.541 1	0.074	—	—
5	0.647 8	0.647 8	0.000	0.648 4	0.093	0.648 1	0.046	0.647 9	0.015
6	0.675 9	0.675 9	0.000	0.676 3	0.059	0.675 8	0.015	0.676 9	0.148
7	0.843 3	0.843 1	0.024	0.843 1	0.024	0.842 9	0.047	0.843 4	0.012
8	1.171 8	1.169 8	0.171	1.170 3	0.128	1.170 2	0.137	1.168 6	0.273
9	1.493 7	1.491 2	0.167	1.491 5	0.147	1.491 1	0.174	1.491 0	0.181
10	1.583 1	1.581 4	0.107	1.581 7	0.088	1.583 5	0.025	1.584 2	0.069
11	1.839 4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
12	1.933 0	1.933 0	0.000	1.932 5	0.026	1.933 0	0.000	1.931 3	0.088
13	1.964 6	1.964 4	0.010	1.963 2	0.071	1.964 0	0.031	1.962 7	0.097

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