Measurement of Co-seismic Dip-slip Based on 3D Point Clouds from UAV Oblique PhotogrammetryA Case Study of Surface Rupture of the 2021 Maduo MS7.4 Earthquake
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摘要: 2021年5月22日青海玛多发生MS7.4地震，震源断层错动在地表形成了长达160 km的同震地表破裂。可靠的地震地表破裂带参数是研究震源断层活动机制和评价地震危险性的重要基础。采用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可以获得高精度的点云数据并产出DOM和DEM数据。通过跨破裂带的地形测量，获取了玛多MS7.4地震同震地表变形的垂直位移、水平缩短量和水平拉张量等参数。测量结果显示，玛多MS7.4地震发震断层在不同破裂段具有不同性质和大小的倾滑分量，其中具有压扭性质的野马滩观测点断层垂直位移为0.69～1.01 m，倾向水平缩短量为0.17～0.41 m，倾滑位移为0.71～1.09 m；具有张扭性质的朗玛加合日段断层垂直位移为0.34～0.54 m，倾向水平拉张量为1.99～2.08 m。Abstract: A MS7.4 earthquake occurred in Maduo, Qinghai, on May 22, 2021. The seismogenic fault produced a 160-km-long surface rupture. Reliable parameters of the co-seismic surface rupture are important data for the study on the fault activity and assessment of seismic hazards. In this paper, we generated point clouds, digital ortho-images (DOM) and digital elevation models (DEM) using oblique photogrammetry by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) . Parameters of vertical slip, dip-slip shortening and extension of co-seismic slip of the Maduo MS7.4 earthquake were measured from the offset landforms. The results show that the seismogenic fault of the Maduo MS7.4 earthquake is a strike-slip fault with dip-slip in different sections. At the site Yematan, the vertical displacement is 0.69~1.01 m, the dip-slip shortening is 0.17~0.41 m, and the total dip-slip is 0.71~1.09 m. At the site Langma Gaheri, the vertical slip is0.34~0.54 m, and the dip-slip extension is 1.99~2.08 m.
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Key words:
- Maduo earthquake /
- 3D point cloud /
- UAV oblique photogrammetry /
- Co-seismic dip-slip
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图 1 2021年玛多MS7.4地震地表破裂展布
Figure 1. Surface rupture zone of the 2021 Maduo MS7.4 earthquake
表 1 观测点无人机航空摄影参数与建模误差
Table 1. UAV aerial photography parameters and modeling errors for two observation sites
观测点 航高/m 面积/km2 地面分辨率/cm 水平误差/cm 垂直误差/cm 点云密度/（个/m2） 朗玛加合日 151 0.48 1.80 0.9 0.9 769 野马滩西 139 0.45 1.67 0.8 1.1 893 
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