Investigation and Evaluation of Earthquake Resistance of Rural Houses in Lueyang County
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摘要: 为精准识别贫困山区农居房屋结构现状完好程度,本文开展略阳县境内41894栋农居房屋抗震现状实地调查,搜集整理域内孕灾环境和致灾因子强度,统计分析域内各行政镇(办)经济水平、农居房屋抗震结构类型和震害等级,预测震害矩阵,计算平均震害指数,并评价抗震能力。研究结果表明:域内农居房屋抗震结构类型包括土木结构、砖木结构和砖混结构;域内农居房屋在VI度地震作用下基本完好的比例为74.04%,在VII度地震作用下发生轻微破坏以下震害等级的比例为83.45%,在VIII度地震作用下发生中等破坏以下震害等级的比例为85.46%;域内农居房屋在地震烈度为VI、VII、VIII、IX、X度时的平均震害指数分别为0.13、0.23、0.32、0.49、0.71,抗震性能较差,不满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。Abstract: To precisely evaluate the earthquake-resistance properties of hilly rural buildings, a total of 41894 rural buildings in Lueyang County were censored and investigated, in which disaster-inducing factors, disaster-pregnant environment were collected. Based on these economic development levels, structure types of the rural buildings, and earthquake hazard grades in this county were also investigated to predict the earthquake hazards matrix, earthquake hazard index and earthquake-resistance capacity of the rural buildings. The results show there are three types of rural buildings with reference to earthquake-resistance capacity: mud-wood structure, brick-wood structure and brick-concrete structure. For the rural buildings investigated, under earthquake-intensity of VI, VII and VIII, percents of the intact rural buildings, and slightly destroyed buildings and medium-destroyed buildings are 74.04%, 83.45%, 85.46%. And under the earthquake-intensity of VI, VII, VIII, IX and X, the mean hazard index are 0.13, 0.23, 0.32, 0.49 and 0.71, indicating the investigated buildings have a bad performance in earthquake-resistance. And the the investigated buildings do not meet the requirement of the aim of earthquake resistanceof “no damage under minor earthquake, repairable under medium earthquake, no collapsing under major earthquake”.
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表 1 略阳县地震动参数
Table 1. Seimic ground motion parameters of Lueyang
行政镇(办)
名称地震动峰值
加速度/g反应谱特征
周期/s地震基本
烈度行政镇(办)
名称地震动峰值
加速度/g反应谱特征
周期/s地震基本
烈度白雀寺镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 两河口镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 白水江镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 马蹄湾镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 观音寺镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 五龙洞镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 郭镇 0.20 0.4 VIII度 西淮坝镇 0.20 0.4 VIII度 黑河镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 硖口驿镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 横现河街道办 0.15 0.4 VII度 仙台坝镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 接官亭镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 兴州街道办 0.15 0.4 VII度 金家河镇 0.20 0.4 VIII度 徐家坪镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 乐素河镇 0.15 0.4 VII度 略阳县 0.15 0.4 VII度 表 2 建筑破坏等级与震害指数
Table 2. The relation between gradation of earthquake damage and damage index
破坏等级 震害程度 震害指数di 基本完好 承重和非承重构件完好或个别非承重构件轻微破坏,不加修理可继续使用 $ 0.00\leqslant {\text{d}}_{{i}} < 0.\text{10 }{\text{,可取}}\text{0}\text{.00} $ 轻微破坏 个别承重构件出现可见裂缝,个别非承重构件轻微损坏,不需要修理或稍加修理可继续使用 $ 0.10\leqslant {\text{d}}_{{i}} < 0.\text{30 }{\text{,可取}}\text{0}\text{.20} $ 中等破坏 多数承重构件出现轻微裂缝,少数有明显裂缝,个别非承重构件破坏严重,需要一般修理后可使用 $0.30\leqslant {\text{d} }_{ {i} } < 0.\text{5}5\text{ }{\text{,可取} }0.40$ 严重破坏 多数承重构件破坏较严重,非承重构件局部倒塌,房屋修复困难 $ 0.55\leqslant {\text{d}}_{{i}} < 0.\text{8}5\text{ }{\text{,可取}}\text{0}\text{.70} $ 毁坏 多数承重构件严重破坏,结构濒于崩溃或已倒毁,已无修复可能 $ 0.85\leqslant {\text{d}}_{{i}}\leqslant 1\text{ }\text{.00}{\text{,可取}}\text{1}\text{.00} $ 表 3 农居房屋震害等级统计结果(单位:%)
Table 3. The statistics of earthquake damage grade of rural houses (Unit:%)
行政镇(办)名称 破坏等级 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 毁坏 白雀寺镇 44.46 22.52 15.17 10.65 7.20 白水江镇 57.19 24.36 13.05 3.67 1.72 观音寺镇 62.00 25.00 12.00 1.00 0 郭镇 32.98 37.65 28.47 0.71 0.19 黑河镇 61.44 24.92 12.11 1.31 0.22 横现河街道办 62.00 25.00 12.00 1.00 0 接官亭镇 54.18 23.96 13.66 5.34 2.86 金家河镇 32.21 33.86 31.66 1.65 0.61 乐素河镇 61.98 25.00 12.00 1.01 0 两河口镇 62.00 25.00 12.00 1.00 0 马蹄湾镇 61.76 24.97 12.05 1.13 0.10 五龙洞镇 62.00 25.00 12.00 1.00 0 西淮坝镇 28.15 50.23 20.00 1.35 0.28 硖口驿镇 54.17 23.95 13.63 5.34 2.91 仙台坝镇 62.00 25.00 12.00 1.00 0 兴州街道办 61.94 24.99 12.01 1.03 0.02 徐家坪镇 60.66 24.81 12.25 1.74 0.54 略阳县 58.88 24.57 12.61 2.72 1.21 表 4 VI度地震时农居房屋震害矩阵(单位:%)
Table 4. Seismic damage matrix of VI-degree earthquake (Unit:%)
行政镇(办)名称 破坏等级 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 毁坏 白雀寺镇 59.96 22.56 10.46 6.24 0.96 白水江镇 72.55 20.80 4.94 1.47 0.26 观音寺镇 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 郭镇 76.98 20.00 3.01 0.01 0 黑河镇 76.46 20.09 3.24 0.19 0.03 横现河街道办 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 接官亭镇 69.72 21.28 6.18 2.45 0.43 金家河镇 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 乐素河镇 76.99 20.00 3.01 0 0 两河口镇 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 马蹄湾镇 76.77 20.04 3.10 0.08 0.01 五龙洞镇 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 西淮坝镇 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 硖口驿镇 69.66 21.26 6.20 2.50 0.43 仙台坝镇 77.00 20.00 3.00 0 0 兴州街道办 76.95 20.01 3.02 0.02 0 徐家坪镇 75.71 20.20 3.57 0.47 0.07 略阳县 74.04 20.48 4.30 1.04 0.17 表 5 VIII度地震时农居房屋震害矩阵(单位:%)
Table 5. Seismic damage matrix of VIII-degree earthquake (Unit:%)
行政镇(办)名称 破坏等级 基本完好 轻微破坏 中等破坏 严重破坏 毁坏 白雀寺镇 14.42 25.31 28.76 15.92 15.59 白水江镇 17.83 31.35 34.38 11.03 5.42 观音寺镇 19.00 33.70 36.40 8.70 2.20 郭镇 16.79 19.59 14.50 38.09 11.02 黑河镇 18.86 33.43 36.16 8.95 2.61 横现河街道办 19.00 33.70 36.40 8.70 2.20 接官亭镇 17.07 29.89 33.09 12.40 7.55 金家河镇 16.80 19.60 14.50 38.10 11.00 乐素河镇 19.00 33.69 36.39 8.71 2.21 两河口镇 19.00 33.70 36.40 8.70 2.20 马蹄湾镇 18.94 33.58 36.30 8.81 2.38 五龙洞镇 19.00 33.70 36.40 8.70 2.20 西淮坝镇 16.80 19.60 14.50 38.10 11.00 硖口驿镇 17.05 29.89 33.07 12.34 7.65 仙台坝镇 19.00 33.70 36.40 8.70 2.20 兴州街道办 18.99 33.67 36.38 8.73 2.23 徐家坪镇 18.65 33.06 35.82 9.26 3.21 略阳县 18.21 32.19 35.06 10.08 4.45 表 6 农居房屋结构平均震害指数
Table 6. Average seismic damage index of rural housing structure
行政镇(办)名称 地震烈度 VI度 VII度 VIII度 IX度 X度 白雀寺镇 0.25 0.30 0.43 0.58 0.77 白水江镇 0.14 0.25 0.33 0.50 0.72 观音寺镇 0.11 0.24 0.30 0.47 0.70 郭镇 0.20 0.35 0.47 0.61 0.70 黑河镇 0.11 0.26 0.30 0.48 0.70 横现河街道办 0.11 0.19 0.30 0.47 0.70 接官亭镇 0.17 0.29 0.35 0.52 0.73 金家河镇 0.21 0.32 0.47 0.62 0.70 乐素河镇 0.11 0.21 0.30 0.47 0.70 两河口镇 0.11 0.21 0.30 0.47 0.70 马蹄湾镇 0.11 0.25 0.30 0.48 0.70 五龙洞镇 0.11 0.25 0.30 0.47 0.70 西淮坝镇 0.19 0.31 0.47 0.59 0.70 硖口驿镇 0.17 0.30 0.35 0.52 0.73 仙台坝镇 0.11 0.25 0.30 0.47 0.70 兴州街道办 0.11 0.22 0.30 0.47 0.70 徐家坪镇 0.12 0.21 0.31 0.48 0.71 略阳县 0.13 0.23 0.32 0.49 0.71 -
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