青海共和盆地地应力状态与断层稳定性分析

王洪; 王成虎; 高桂云; 陈念; 周昊; 安易飞

doi:10.11899/zzfy20210113

青海共和盆地地应力状态与断层稳定性分析

doi: 10.11899/zzfy20210113

王洪^1,,
王成虎^1, ,,
高桂云¹,
陈念¹,
周昊¹,
安易飞²

1.
应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院，地壳动力学重点实验室，北京 100085
2.
中国地质大学（北京），北京 100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41574088）

详细信息

作者简介:
王洪，男，生于1994年。硕士研究生。主要从事区域地壳应力及岩石力学方面的研究工作。E-mail：wanghongxkd@163.com

通讯作者:
王成虎，男，生于1978年。研究员。主要从事地应力与地质力学、断层力学等方面的研究工作。E-mail：huchengwang@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-12
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-01

The State of the In-situ Stress and Fault Slide Evaluation of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Provice

1.
Key laboratory of Crustal Dyrramics, National Institute of Natural Hazards, Beijing 100085, China
2.
China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 青海共和盆地地质构造条件复杂，断层十分发育，区域内既有地热、太阳能、矿产等资源丰富，存在龙羊峡水库诱发地震环境背景。因此，分析青海共和盆地地应力特征与地质结构易滑性对于青海东部地区防震减灾具有重要意义。对盆地及附近区域内19个钻孔、65条水压致裂数据和44条应力解除实测数据进行统计分析，并基于断层摩擦强度理论、Byerlee-Anderson理论等断层力学相关理论讨论了研究区域断层易滑性与地震危险性。研究结果表明：研究区域内应力状态在深度350 m左右由逆冲型转换为走滑型，与区域内分布北北西右旋高角度逆断层相吻合；区域内最大水平主应力优势方位为N45°～E60°；地应力场初步结果反演表明研究区域应力场以逆冲型为主，局部地区兼走滑特征，与震源机制解反演结果一致；区域内断层平均摩擦系数为0.41，断层处于稳定状态，即断层易滑性较低，侧压力系数与应力积累指标插值分析结果同样表明断层整体易滑性较低，局部浅部断层带应力积累水平较高，综合分析推测断层易沿NW-SE向滑动。
- 共和盆地 /
- 地应力 /
- 震源机制解 /
- 应力状态 /
- 滑动趋势
Abstract: The Gonghe Basin has complex geological structural conditions, well-developed faults, abundant geothermal, solar, and mineral resources in the area, as well as the Longyangxia Reservoir-induced earthquake environment background. Therefore, analyzing the characteristics of the in-situ stress and the slidability of the geological structure in the region is very important for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in the eastern part of Qinghai. Based on the analysis of 65 hydraulic fracturing data and 44 stress relief measured data from 19 boreholes in the basin and nearby areas, and based on the theory of fault friction strength, Byerlee-Anderson theory and other related fault mechanics theories, the fault slidability and seismic risk of the study area are discussed. The results show that the stress state in the study area changes from thrust to strike-slip stress state at a depth of about 350 m, which is consistent with the north-north-west right-lateral high-angle reverse faults in the area; The dominant position of the maximum horizontal principal stress in the area is N45°～E60°; The preliminary inversion of the in-situ stress field also shows that the stress field in the study area is dominated by thrusting, and the local area is also characterized by strike-slip, which is consistent with the inversion result of the focal mechanism solution; The average friction coefficient of the fault in the area is 0.41, and the fault is in a stable state, that is, the fault is relatively slippery; At the same time, the results of interpolation analysis of the lateral pressure coefficient and the stress accumulation index found that the overall slidability of faults in the Gonghe Basin is low, and the level of stress accumulation in local shallow fault zones is high. Comprehensive analysis predicts that it is easy to slide along the NW-SE direction.
- Gonghe basin /
- in-situ stress /
- focal mechanism solution /
- stress state /
- slip tendency

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图 1 青海共和盆地地质构造与地应力测量位置示意图

注：S-1为龙羊峡电站测点，S-2、S-3为拉西瓦电站测点，S-4为李家峡电站测点，S-5为金川矿区测点，S-6为碌曲县玛艾乡测点

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of geological structure and geostress measurement location in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai

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图 2 主应力随深度变化规律

Figure 2. The principal stress varing with depth

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图 3 侧压力系数随深度变化规律

Figure 3. The lateral pressure coefficient varing with depth

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图 4 最大水平主应力方位

Figure 4. The orientation of the maximum horizontal principal stress

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图 5 滑移趋势分析结果

Figure 5. Slip trend analysis results

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图 6 μ_m随深度分布规律

Figure 6. μ_m distribution diagram with depth

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图 7 研究区域地震活动分布图（M_L≥2.0）

Figure 7. Distribution map of seismic activity in the study area (M_L≥2.0)

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图 8 研究区域附近历史地震震源机制解分布图

Figure 8. Distribution of focal mechanism solutions of historical earthquakes near the study area

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图 9 共和盆地及周边地区强余震震源机制综合解

Figure 9. Comprehensive solution of the focal mechanism of strong aftershocks in the Gonghe Basin and surrounding areas

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表 1 研究区域实测地应力数据

Table 1. Measured in-situ stress data in the study area

编号	测段号	测量深度/m	应力值/MPa			印痕方向	最大水平应力系数K_H,max	最小水平应力系数K_h,min	侧应力系数K_av	应力积累指标$ \mu _{\rm{m}}$
编号	测段号	测量深度/m	最大水平正应力σ_H	最小水平正应力σ_h	垂直应力σ_v	印痕方向	最大水平应力系数K_H,max	最小水平应力系数K_h,min	侧应力系数K_av	应力积累指标$ \mu _{\rm{m}}$
GH_ZK1	1	49.46	7.70	5.99	4.49	NE37°	1.71	1.33	1.52	0.26
	2	54.57	8.84	8.04	—	NE10°	5.97	5.43	5.70	0.71
	3	59.57	7.92	6.09	4.59	NW10°	1.73	1.33	1.53	0.27
	4	69.81	5.81	4.00	3.00	—	1.94	1.33	1.64	0.32
	5	78.57	7.02	4.70	3.90	—	1.80	1.21	1.51	0.29
	6	81.33	8.97	5.30	4.50	NW54°	1.99	1.18	1.59	0.33
	7	93.11	14.87	8.90	7.00	NW2°	2.12	1.27	1.70	0.36
	8	96.05	14.34	8.50	5.50	NW1°	2.61	1.55	2.08	0.45
	9	87.35	13.15	7.94	2.26	—	5.82	3.51	4.67	0.71
	10	94.45	9.99	7.20	2.44	NW64°	4.09	2.95	3.52	0.61
	11	84.95	12.75	7.30	—	—	5.54	3.17	4.36	0.69
	12	92.58	7.58	5.40	4.90	—	1.55	1.10	1.33	0.21
	13	98.59	3.72	3.50	2.60	—	1.43	1.35	1.39	0.18
GH_ZK2	1	45.00	4.90	4.10	1.23	—	3.98	3.33	3.66	0.60
	2	59.00	5.50	3.90	1.61	NE61°	3.41	2.42	2.92	0.55
	3	85.00	6.50	5.20	2.32	NE21°	2.80	2.24	2.52	0.47
	4	113.00	15.30	9.00	3.09	NE41°	4.95	2.91	3.93	0.66
	5	183.00	32.90	16.80	5.00	NE53°	6.58	3.36	4.97	0.74
GH_ZK3	1	45.00	11.90	7.70	1.23	NE17°	9.67	6.26	7.97	0.81
GH_ZK3	2	165.00	22.30	11.70	4.51	NW6°	4.94	2.59	3.77	0.66
GH_ZK4	1	84.00	4.40	3.30	2.30	NE25°	1.92	1.44	1.68	0.31
	2	162.00	6.20	4.10	4.43	NE30°	1.40	0.93	1.17	0.17
	3	164.00	6.20	4.20	4.48	NE33°	1.38	0.94	1.16	0.16
GH_ZK5	1	147.00	7.50	5.00	4.02	NE36°	1.87	1.24	1.56	0.30
	2	266.00	9.70	7.20	7.27	NE40°	1.33	0.99	1.16	0.14
	3	284.00	8.40	6.30	7.76	NE42°	1.08	0.81	0.95	0.04
GH_ZK6	1	238.00	17.80	10.40	6.51	NE37°	2.74	1.60	2.17	0.46
	2	335.00	17.20	10.40	9.16	NE32°	1.88	1.14	1.51	0.31
	3	367.00	22.00	13.20	10.03	NE43°	2.19	1.32	1.76	0.37
GH_ZK7	1	41.00	5.50	3.90	1.12	NE61°	4.91	3.48	4.20	0.66
	2	67.00	6.50	5.20	1.83	NE21°	3.55	2.84	3.20	0.56
	3	94.00	15.30	9.00	2.57	NE41°	5.95	3.50	4.73	0.71
	4	165.00	32.90	16.80	4.51	NE53°	7.29	3.72	5.51	0.76
GH_ZK8	1	45.00	11.10	7.70	1.23	NE17°	9.02	6.26	7.64	0.80
GH_ZK8	2	165.00	22.30	11.70	4.51	NW6°	4.94	2.59	3.77	0.66
GH_ZK9	1	212.00	10.10	8.10	5.80	NE54°	1.74	1.40	1.57	0.26
	2	220.00	10.50	8.70	6.01	NE70°	1.75	1.45	1.60	0.27
	3	235.00	11.10	8.80	6.42	NE48°	1.73	1.37	1.55	0.27
GH_ZK10	1	138.00	6.90	4.50	3.77	NW75°	1.83	1.19	1.51	0.29
	2	140.00	7.50	5.70	3.83	NW86°	1.96	1.49	1.73	0.32
	3	144.00	8.50	5.60	3.94	NE68°	2.16	1.42	1.79	0.37
GH_ZK11	1	186.00	7.30	6.30	5.09	NW64°	1.44	1.24	1.34	0.18
	2	190.00	7.80	6.40	5.19	NW81°	1.50	1.23	1.37	0.20
	3	198.00	9.00	5.40	5.41	NW70°	1.66	1.00	1.33	0.25
GH_ZK12	1	244.00	8.80	7.40	6.67	NW72°	1.32	1.11	1.22	0.14
	2	252.00	9.60	7.40	6.89	NW76°	1.39	1.07	1.23	0.16
	3	254.00	7.10	5.20	6.94	NE80°	1.02	0.75	0.89	0.01
GH_ZK13	1	147.00	7.50	4.50	4.02	NW0°	1.87	1.12	1.50	0.30
	2	163.00	9.70	6.40	4.46	NW85°	2.18	1.44	1.81	0.37
	3	179.00	11.60	6.60	4.89	NW80°	2.37	1.35	1.86	0.41
GH_ZK14	1	148.00	8.10	6.10	4.05	NW65°	2.00	1.51	1.76	0.33
	2	150.00	11.00	7.10	4.10	NW82°	2.68	1.73	2.21	0.46
	3	158.00	10.40	7.20	4.32	NW69°	2.41	1.67	2.04	0.41
GH_ZK15	1	306.00	12.60	7.30	8.37	NW70°	1.51	0.87	1.19	0.20
	2	312.00	13.20	7.90	8.53	NW83°	1.55	0.93	1.24	0.21
	3	322.00	12.60	8.20	8.80	NE83°	1.43	0.93	1.18	0.18
GH_ZK16	1	290.00	9.10	5.50	7.93	NW64°	1.15	0.69	0.92	0.07
	2	294.00	8.40	5.60	8.04	NW82°	1.05	0.70	0.88	0.02
	3	300.00	10.60	6.60	8.20	NW73°	1.29	0.80	1.05	0.13
GH_ZK17	1	250.00	11.00	6.50	6.84	NW74°	1.61	0.95	1.28	0.23
	2	252.00	11.80	6.80	6.89	NW85°	1.71	0.99	1.35	0.26
	3	258.00	12.00	6.90	7.05	NE80°	1.70	0.98	1.34	0.26
GH_ZK18	1	480.00	23.60	13.00	13.12	NE44°	1.80	0.99	1.40	0.29
GH_ZK18	2	492.00	24.80	13.40	13.45	NE42°	1.84	1.00	1.42	0.30
GH_ZK19	1	264.00	11.90	6.60	7.22	NE15°	1.65	0.91	1.28	0.24
GH_ZK19	2	267.00	13.10	7.10	7.30	—	1.79	0.97	1.38	0.28

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表 2 300 m深度处测点K、μ值

Table 2. K value and friction coefficient at a depth of 300 m

测点	K_H，max	K_h，min	有效正应力σ/MPa	剪应力 τ/MPa	μ
GH_ZK 1	2.80	1.22	6.21	3.38	0.54
GH_ZK 2	4.05	1.94	10.67	5.32	0.50
GH_ZK 3	1.72	0.67	4.02	1.84	0.46
GH_ZK 4	1.82	0.86	4.31	1.80	0.42
GH_ZK 5	1.41	0.98	4.18	0.89	0.21
GH_ZK 6	2.41	1.31	6.41	2.54	0.40
GH_ZK 7	4.00	1.98	10.81	5.23	0.48
GH_ZK 8	1.90	0.67	4.14	2.16	0.52
GH_ZK 9	2.01	1.29	6.03	1.81	0.30
GH_ZK 10	2.13	1.08	5.11	2.21	0.43
GH_ZK 11	1.83	1.05	4.72	1.65	0.35
GH_ZK 12	1.67	1.00	4.39	1.39	0.32
GH_ZK 13	2.27	1.10	5.28	2.47	0.47
GH_ZK 14	2.43	1.32	6.50	2.56	0.39
GH_ZK 15	1.88	1.01	4.57	1.81	0.40
GH_ZK 16	1.64	0.86	4.20	1.43	0.34
GH_ZK 17	1.98	1.00	4.60	2.02	0.44
GH_ZK 18	2.22	1.15	5.48	2.30	0.42
GH_ZK 19	2.13	1.02	4.77	2.29	0.48

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