Tectonic Evolution of the Turning Point of the Eastern and Western Section of the Seertengshan Piedmont Fault
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摘要: 色尔腾山山前断裂位于鄂尔多斯块体西北角，控制着临河凹陷（河套盆地西部）的持续沉降。对色尔腾山山前断裂东段与西段转折处构造演化模式的研究，有助于提高对正断层演化规律和区域地震风险的认识。本文在研究区大比例尺活动断裂填图的基础上，通过对重点区域进行无人机微地貌的测量、探槽开挖、钻孔资料与第四纪测年等方法获取数据，并运用构造地质学、地貌学和沉积地层学等理论，综合探讨断层转折处的构造演化模式及地震危险性。通过研究认为，近东西走向的色尔腾山山前断裂西段与北西走向的东段间以三角状的转换斜坡相连。现今的转折点为应力的积累区，具有较高的地震风险。水平拉伸力的持续作用使断层不断向盆地一侧迁移，同时使断裂转折部位更加平滑。Abstract: The Seertengshan Piedmont Fault (SPF) is located in the northwest corner of Ordos block, which controls the continuous settlement of the Linhe sag (western Hetao basin). The study of the tectonic evolution of the turning point between eastern and western segment of the SPF will help to improve our understanding of the normal fault evolution law and regional seismic risk. Based on the large-scale active fault mapping in the study area, we conduct the field survey of UAV micro-geomorphology in key areas, and combine trench excavation and Quaternary dating methods to explore the tectonic evolution patterns and earthquake hazard at fault turning point comprehensively. Through this study, we find that the EW-trending western segment of SPF and NW-trending eastern segment of SPF are connected by a triangular relay ramp. The turning point is the accumulation area of stress and has a high earthquake risk at present. With the continuous action of the horizontal tensile force, the normal faults migrate to the basin, and "cutting and straightening" makes the geometry of turning part smooth.
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图 1 区域构造简图
（a）鄂尔多斯块体周缘断陷盆地、活动断裂及M≥5.5中强地震分布图（改自邓起东（2007）），插图显示鄂尔多斯块体和青藏高原的相对位置；（b）河套盆地西部临河凹陷活动断层分布（震源机制解数据来自Harvard的CMT目录。Site 1：乌不浪口地貌观测点；Site 2：神华北地貌观测点；Site 3：德岭山地貌观测点）
Figure 1. Simplified regional tectonics of the study area
图 2 山麓断层台地演化模式和冲沟出山口处洪积阶地形成示意
（a）—（c）山麓断层台地演化模式（改自张世民等（2007））；（d）—（h）冲沟出山口处洪积阶地形成示意图（改自何祥丽等（2015））
Figure 2. The evolution model of the piedmont fault platform and the formation of the diluvial terrace at the mouth of the gully
图 3 乌不浪口点地质地貌解译图（Site 1）
（a）乌不浪口点Google影像解译图。该处基岩断面与台地前缘最新活动断裂间台地宽度约为500—800m，台地前缘发育地裂缝；（b）横跨该地区的台地剖面图显示，一级台地P1高约13.9m，二级台地P2高约30.8m；（c）P1台地前缘与盆地过渡处发育断层垭口和地裂缝；（d）垂直于南侧地裂缝开挖的探槽剖面揭露了多条断层的存在。标志层M1和M2被多条断层所错断；（f）探槽地质剖面图，探槽揭露湖相地层形成之后仍在活动的10条断层F1—F10
Figure 3. Geological and geomorphological features at Wubulangkou site (Site 1)
图 4 神华北地质地貌解译图（Site 2）
（a）神华北地貌面解译图。该处发育三级台地P1、P2和P3；（b）在无人机测得的DEM中，提取的实测剖面显示，P1、P2和P3分别较盆底高出5.2m、12.1m和19m；（c）P1台地被人工开挖，露出断层面，断面平直有擦痕发育。P1下部湖相地层出露；（d）全新世废弃洪积扇被断层错断处发育线性陡坎，陡坎高度达2.85m
Figure 4. Geological and geomorphological features at Shenhuabei site (Site 2)
图 5 德岭山地质地貌特征解译图（Site 3）
（a）色尔腾山山前断裂东段延长线与该断裂西段相交于乌不浪口附近；（b）—（c）德岭山北，宽阔的台地前缘发育的2条地裂缝错断了田垄和水泥路面；（d）台地前缘地裂缝处发育2条断层陡坎；（e）垂直于南侧地裂缝开挖的探槽剖面（He等，2017）；（f）探槽地质剖面图。Unit3及其以下地层明显被断层F1—F4错断，呈阶梯状分布
Figure 5. Geological and geomorphological features at Delingshan site (Site 3)
图 6 色尔腾山山前断裂西段与东段转折处断层分布
（a）色尔腾山山前断裂基岩断层分布位置，断裂西段过乌不浪口后继续向SEE方向延伸，与SE走向的东段断裂间以转折带相连，宽达12km；（b）色尔腾山山前断裂最新活动断层分布图。其中圐圙补隆段，为断层重叠区，形成了宽度较大的三角状台地面
Figure 6. Fault distribution at the turning point between the western and eastern segments of Seerteng Piedmont Fault
图 7 水泉村钻孔联合剖面图（改自内蒙古自治区地质局水文地质队（1981））
Figure 7. Joint profile with drilling near Shuiquan village
图 8 乌不浪口断层转折处构造演化模式图
Figure 8. Tectonic evolution pattern of fault turning point in Wubuloukou
图 9 贺兰山东麓断裂苏峪口段断层分布
Figure 9. Fault distribution of the suukou section of the eastern foot fault of Helan mountain
表 1 台地面及探槽光释光测年结果
Table 1. OSL dating ages of samples from terraces and trench
采样点 U/μg·g-1 Th/μg·g-1 K/% 环境剂量率/ Gy·ka-1 等效剂量/ Gy 年代结果/ ka·BP 地貌位置 东圈子村北 3.27 10.7 2.23 4.78 37.72±2.27 8.32±0.96 T1 东圈子村北 2.28 9.86 2.08 4.20 41.09±4.46 9.79±1.44 T1 西水北道 1.82 9.96 1.88 3.84 44.25± 1.58 11.54±1.23 T1 乌加河东北 2.31 10.2 1.84 3.99 37.13±2.41 9.29±1.11 T1 水泉村北 1.12 5.12 2.38 3.59 80.39±4.46 22.42±2.56 T2 繁荣五社东 1.83 9.29 2.23 4.13 136.32±15.44 33.01±1.99 T2 狼山口西 2.82 10.1 2.23 4.55 108.16±11.39 23.97±3.45 T2 马卜子村北 1.54 11.4 1.79 3.79 165.13±16.93 23.25±2.88 T2 阿拉盖兔西 1.18 6.04 2.19 3.51 184.78±9.32 52.69±5.90 T3 西柳树泉子 2.08 8.21 2.41 4.30 309.82±28.31 72.05±9.76 T3 水泉村北 1.4 5.21 2.28 3.60 217.40±18.61 60.34±7.94 T3 大佘太镇东 1.65 11.4 2.28 4.01 286.35±26.71 71.38±9.76 T3 八分子地 2.08 9.07 1.76 3.71 247.50±16.58 66.72±8.03 T3 乌兰村 1.97 9.46 1.91 3.87 307.39±21.29 79.50±9.67 T3 德岭山 1.53 7.34 1.73 3.30 98.30±3.85 29.81±3.20 探槽 德岭山 1.04 4.65 2.27 3.35 125.16±13.50 37.40±5.50 探槽 德岭山 0.66 3.45 2.5 3.28 144.62±18.44 44.03±7.13 探槽 德岭山 0.932 5.32 2.16 3.22 107.68±14.64 33.45±5.64 探槽 德岭山 1.08 5.26 2.27 3.41 130.97±10.31 38.37±4.88 探槽 德岭山 1.55 7.87 2.19 3.84 5.78±0.48 1.51±0.20 探槽 德岭山 1.04 6.33 1.72 2.99 66.55±6.23 22.25±3.05 探槽 德岭山 0.773 4.9 2.1 3.07 214.67±13.24 69.88±8.21 探槽 
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