An Improved Approach for Near-fault Pulse-like Ground Motion Simulation
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摘要: 本文基于小波包技术的随机地震动模拟方法，提出一种改进的参数化随机近断层脉冲型地震动模拟方法。然后，通过识别和提取近断层脉冲型地震动数据库中脉冲型地震动的特征参数，建立了基于震源、传播路径和场地特征等参数的脉冲模型参数预测方程。最后，通过模拟实际记录和误差分析检验了改进的模拟方法的有效性。结果表明：应用改进的模拟方法得到的地震动时程无论在波形、频率特性还是峰值上均与实际记录具有较好的一致性。改进的模拟方法在保留地震动时频非平稳性的基础上，能够有效地提高近断层脉冲型地震动的模拟效果，并且能够很好地体现脉冲型地震动的主要特征。Abstract: In this paper, an improved parameterized stochastic simulation method of near-fault pulse-like ground motion is proposed based on the stochastic ground motion simulation method using the wavelet packet method. Then, by identifying and extracting the characteristic parameters of pulse-like ground motions in a set near-fault ground motions database, the prediction equation of pulse model parameters in terms of the earthquake source, path and site characteristic parameters is established. Finally, the improved simulation method is verified by simulating recorded pulse-like ground motions and error analysis. Our results illustrate that simulated time histories of pulse-like ground motions by improved simulation method is well consistent with the recorded one in terms of waveform, frequency characteristic and peak value. The improved simulation method can effectively improve the simulation results of near-fault ground motion under retain time-frequency nonstationary of ground motion, and can also well reflect the main characteristics of pulse-like ground motion, which has very important engineering application value.
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图 1 基于小波包的地震动模拟方法流程
Figure 1. Procedures for simulating ground motions using wavelet packet method
图 3 1979年Imperial Valley地震NGA#180水平向脉冲地震动模拟过程
Figure 3. Simulation process of NGA#180 horizontal pulse-like ground motions from Imperial Valley earthquake in 1979
图 4 NGA#182和NGA#1084的实际观测和模拟地震动时程
Figure 4. Acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories of observed and simulated ground motions
图 5 NGA#182和NGA#1084的实际观测和模拟地震动的加速度反应谱（5%阻尼比）
Figure 5. Acceleration response spectra at 5% damping ratio of observed and simulated ground motions
图 6 脉冲地震数据库中实际观测记录与模拟时程的加速度反应谱的残差均值及±1倍标准差
Figure 6. Mean residual bias and the±one standard deviation of near-fault stations observed and simulated in the pulse-like ground motions database
表 1 拟合参数γ和υ的分布系数和限定条件
Table 1. Boundary condition and coefficient of marginal distributions fitted to parameters γ and υ
参数 单位 符合分布 选定下限 选定上限 合适的分布参数 均值 标准差 γ burr 2.0 3.0 α=2.49，c=21.80，k=4.20 2.3 0.14 υ π uniform 0 2 1.0 0.58 
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表 2 MP03脉冲模型参数的回归系数和标准差
Table 2. Regression coefficients and standard deviations of the MP03 model parameters
参数 α0 α1 α2 β1 β2 β3 β4 β5 ϕ τ σ Vp 1.6784 1.6152 1.6643 0.2201 -0.3060 -0.3230 -0.1231 0.0054 0.132 0.108 0.330 Tp -0.2312 -0.1828 0.1677 0.1762 -0.1295 0.0043 0.261 0.136 0.294 t0 -0.8739 -0.7214 -0.4478 0.2708 0.0551 -0.0455 0.0028 0.285 0.089 0.308
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