Influence of the Ground Buildings Near Strong Motion Observation Station on the Strong Motion Recordings
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摘要: 强震动观测是获取地震地面运动最基本的手段，但其观测质量会受到观测台站周边环境的影响。本文针对不同场地条件的观测台站和附近不同高度建筑物，开展建筑物对观测场地地震动影响的模拟分析，探讨其对强震动观测的影响规律。基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件以及粘弹性边界方法，建立了8个场地-建筑物体系计算模型，分别考虑了4种不同剪切波速的场地和4种不同层数的框架结构建筑物，计算分析了建筑物高度、观测点与建筑之间的距离对强震动观测及场地土波速变化的影响。结果表明：强震动台站附近地面建筑物的存在对观测结果将产生明显的影响，近距离建筑物影响的相对误差可高达20%以上；建筑物高度的变化并没有明显改变其影响程度和影响较大的地震动周期范围，但较高建筑物的影响程度会随距离增加衰减速度减慢；场地土越软，周边建筑物对观测带来的影响越大。建议：对于较软弱场地（土层平均剪切波速低至210m/s），强震动台站避让建筑物的距离应不小于40m，对于较坚硬场地（土层平均剪切波速大于250m/s），强震动台站避让建筑物的距离应不小于25m。同时还认为，如果强震动观测要求较高精度，需进一步增加避让距离，且应具体考虑建筑物高度等因素的影响。Abstract: Strong motion observation is the basic method to obtain seismic ground motion, and its observation quality is affected by the surrounding environment condition at the observation station. In this paper, the influence of the ground buildings near strong motion observation station on the ground motion was simulated and analyzed, and the law of its influence on the strong motion observation was discussed, in which the observation stations with different site conditions and buildings with different heights were taken into consideration. Eight calculation models of site-building system were established, which considered four soil sites with different shear wave velocities and 4 types of frame structures with different heights. The influences of the building height and the distance between observation point and building on the strong motion observation were calculated and analyzed in detail, and the effects of site condition were also discussed. The results suggest that the ground building near strong motion observation station has an obvious effect on the observation data, and the relative error of the influence of the close-distance building can be higher than 20%. The change of building height does not change the degree of influence and the range of period with great influence, but the influence degree of the higher building decreases more slowly with the increase of the distance. The softer the site soil, the greater the impact of surrounding building on the observation results. For soft sites (the average shear wave velocity of the soil layers is lower than 210m/s), the distance of the strong motion observation station avoiding the building should be taken as not less than 40m. For the hard site (the average shear wave velocity of the soil layers is higher than 250m/s), the distance should be taken as not less than 25m. Furthermore, if higher observation precision is required, the distance of avoidance should be increased further. Moreover, the detail effects of building height, and other factors should be taken into consideration.
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图 2 加速度记录时程及其加速度反应谱
Figure 2. Acceleration time-histories and its corresponding spectral accelerations
图 3 自由场地模型中不同观测点处地震动加速度反应谱
Figure 3. Spectral accelerations at different observation points in the free field site model
图 4 El Centro记录输入情况下不同模型中各观测点处的地震动加速度反应谱
Figure 4. Spectral accelerations of ground motions at observation points for different models under El Centro record input
图 5 不同结构模型中各观测点处的地震动加速度反应谱相对误差
Figure 5. The relative errors of spectral accelerations of ground motions at observation points for different models
图 6 PGA和加速度反应谱值随观测点离地面建筑物距离的变化
Figure 6. Variation of PGA and spectral accelerations with the distance between structure and observation point
图 7 不同建筑物情况的场地地震动加速度反应谱
Figure 7. Spectral accelerations of ground motions at different observation points for different buildings
图 8 不同建筑物情况的场地地震动加速度反应谱相对误差
Figure 8. The relative errors of spectral accelerations of ground motions at different observation points for different buildings
图 9 不同剪切波速场地情况下地震动加速度反应谱的相对误差
Figure 9. The relative errors of spectral accelerations of ground motions for the sites with different shear wave velocities
表 1 框架结构模型参数
Table 1. Parameters of frame structure model
模型 梁宽×高/mm 柱宽×高/mm 层高/m 总层数 1 350×500 500×500 3.6 3 2 350×550 600×600 3.6 6 3 400×600 650×650 3.6 10 4 400×700 700×700 3.6 14 
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表 2 场地模型参数
Table 2. Parameters of site model
场地模型 剪切波速/m·s－1 土体密度/kg·m－3 泊松比 A 180 1900 0.3 B 210 1900 0.3 C 250 1900 0.3 D 400 1900 0.3
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